CUSTOM PRESCOTT'S MICROBIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781266032844
Author: WILLEY
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 19.1, Problem 3CC
Consider the finding that bacteria capable of anoxygenic photosynthesis belong to several different phyla. How do you think these bacteria might have been originally classified, and what types of data do you think were key in making the most recent taxonomic assignments?
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Chapter 19 Solutions
CUSTOM PRESCOTT'S MICROBIOLOGY
Ch. 19.1 - What is a natural classification? What microbial...Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19.1 - Consider the finding that bacteria capable of...Ch. 19.2 - What is the difference between a microbial species...Ch. 19.2 - Why is it important to have a type strain for each...Ch. 19.2 - The genus Salmonella was once thought to contain...Ch. 19.3 - What are the advantages of using each major group...Ch. 19.3 - Why is rRNA so suitable for determining...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.4 - Could a phylotype be considered an OTU? What about...
Ch. 19.4 - List the differences between distance-based and...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.4 - You are building a tree based on 16S rRNA sequence...Ch. 19.4 - Is HGT involved in movement of genes in the core...Ch. 19.5 - On what evidence is this hypothesis based?Ch. 19.5 - Construct a scenario in which each of the...Ch. 19.5 - Define ecotype. Do you think it is necessary to...Ch. 19.5 - What is the difference between the core genome and...Ch. 19.5 - Of the following genes, which do you think are...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 19.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 19.6 - Describe two different situations in which it...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1RCCh. 19 - Prob. 2RCCh. 19 - Prob. 3RCCh. 19 - Prob. 4RCCh. 19 - Prob. 5RCCh. 19 - Prob. 6RCCh. 19 - Consider the fact that the use of 16S rRNA...Ch. 19 - You have recently established a pure culture of a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3ALCh. 19 - Prob. 4ALCh. 19 - Prob. 5ALCh. 19 - Prob. 6ALCh. 19 - Prob. 7AL
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- Why did Carl Woese propose the domain Archaea? The domain Bacteria already had too many organisms in its classification. The methanogens were discovered to be a complex organism, between prokaryotic bacteria and eukaryotes, thus it needed its own domain. He discovered that methanogens were too large to be classified as bacteria, but too small to be classified as Eukarya. In analyzing the rRNA of methanogens, he discovered that it was completely distinct from any other bacterial RRNA that had been studied. The DNA of methanogens was discovered to use different nucleotides than those of organisms in Eukarya or Bacteria.arrow_forwardGenerate a present (1) or absent (0) code of each character. Afterward, draw the overall phylogenetic tree with the corresponding characters splitting the tree.arrow_forwardmake a drawing of a phylogenetic tree that contains all 3 domains of life. The tree should include at least three different animals, two plants, chemoheterotrophic bacteria, photoautotrophic bacteria, chemoheterotrophic archaea, thermophilic archaea and fungi. Identify both primary endosymbiosis events on the tree and draw a line to connect it to the organism that would become the future organelle.arrow_forward
- In studying Lokiarchaeota, researchers identified eukaryotic signature genes and used this information to better understand the relationship between archaeans and eukaryotes. Many other types of genetic analysis can be used that focus on certain types of genes. One example of this is multilocus sequence typing (MLST), which focuses on examining genes called housekeeping genes. Microbes encode both housekeeping and pathogenic genes in their genome. Drag the examples of genes to the correct bins to indicate whether they are housekeeping genes, pathogenic genes, or eukaryotic signature genes. Place the phrase describing a gene product in the correct bin. ► View Available Hint(s) peptidoglycan synthesis genes Housekeeping genes membrane remodeling genes cytoskeletal genes membrane lipid genes Pathogenic genes endotoxin genes Reset ribosomal genes exotoxin genes Eukaryotic signature genes Helparrow_forwardExplain in which domain you would classify an organism that consists of a single cell with a nucleus.arrow_forwardPlease create a phylogenetic (evolutionary) tree given this criteria and follow all points! There are three domains of life - Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Start by drawing these three main branches. Then add branches for plants, animals, fungi, and protists. When adding all these branches, don't just add them randomly. The branching pattern reflects evolutionary relationships. You should use the relationships/branching patterns. Then add additional branches for • three species of bacteria • three species of archaea three species of plants three species of animals • three species of fungi • three species of protists (single-celled eukaryotes) You can pick any species you want. For each species, be sure to add 1 synapomorphy (shared derived character) that defines the species or group. • Finally, label the tree with all the terms (parts of a tree, not phylogenetic groups) when describing a phylogenetic tree.arrow_forward
- What are the 4 characteristics/properties of rRNA genes which make them good molecular chronometers. Why viruses are not found in the tree of life? Why might viable cell cultures be of more use in microbial taxonomy than preserved specimens? Is it possible to provide a formal name for a microorganism that has not been cultivated in isolation? What kind of name might be used if a microorganism is well-characterized but cannot yet be cultivated in isolation?arrow_forwardDescribe the Theory of Endosymbiosis. a) Briefly define the Endosymbiotic Theory. 2 pts,b) Explain why the Theory of Endosymbiosis is considered a “theory” and not a “hypothesis.” 3 pts,c) Provide a description of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, including at least 4 similarities and 4 structural differences. 4 pts,d) Describe the sequence of events with anaerobic ancestral proto-eukaryotes and aerobic prokaryotes that led to the formation of mitochondria and chloroplasts inside eukaryotic cells. (Be sure to define aerobic and anaerobic respiration.) 6 pts,e) Explain how each, the anaerobic ancestral proto-eukaryotes and aerobic prokaryotes, benefited from the relationship. 4 pts,f) Describe 7 pieces of evidence for this scientific theory. Some of this evidence will consist of a list of similarities between mitochondria characteristics and bacteria characteristics. Along with this list of similarities, explain HOW the characteristics are similar. 10 pts,g) The Endosymbiotic Theory…arrow_forwardfor the cactus (eukarotic) and the e coli bacteria (prokarotic) i want you to: Classify them based on modern taxonomy, and write their scientific name in three different ways based on Linnaeus. Describe their dichotomous key and show how far they are in their taxonomyfrom each other and describe how they interact together in the ecosystem basedon what you studied. what is thier location on the phylogenetic tree as well as the clade for botharrow_forward
- I need the answer as soon as possiblearrow_forwardThe endosymbiotic hypothesis for the origin of chloroplasts from gram-negative prokaryotes is supported by all of the following lines of evidence except: the presence of enzymes for the light-dependent and the dark reactions of photosynthesis the presence of circular DNA resembling that of photosynthetic eubacteria the presence of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA similar to that of the cyanobacteria their use of mitosis rather than binary fission during cell division the presence of 70s ribosomes, consisting of 30s and 50s ribosomal subunitsarrow_forwardConsider the fact that the use of 16S rRNA sequencing as a taxonomic and phylogenetic tool has resulted in tripling the number of bacterial phyla. Why has the advent of this genetic technique expanded the currently accepted number of microbial phyla?arrow_forward
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Endosymbiotic Theory; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGnS-Xk0ZqU;License: Standard Youtube License