Prescott's Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259281594
Author: Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood Adjunt Professor Lecturer, Christopher J. Woolverton Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 19.5, Problem 3MI
Which do you think would have a pan-genome more closely related to its core genome: a microbial species whose strains are obligate intracellular symbionts, or a species whose strains are part of the normal flora of the mammalian gut? Explain your answer.
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 19.1 - What is a natural classification? What microbial...Ch. 19.1 - What is polyphasic taxonomy, and what three types...Ch. 19.1 - Consider the finding that bacteria capable of...Ch. 19.2 - What is the difference between a microbial species...Ch. 19.2 - Why is it important to have a type strain for each...Ch. 19.2 - The genus Salmonella was once thought to contain...Ch. 19.3 - MICRO INQUIRY Would this curve be shifted to the...Ch. 19.3 - Why does isolate #2 yield only one DNA fragment...Ch. 19.3 - What are the advantages of using each major group...Ch. 19.3 - Why is it not safe to assume that two...
Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 3RIACh. 19.3 - Why is rRNA so suitable for determining...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 5RIACh. 19.4 - Could a phylotype be considered an OTU? What about...Ch. 19.4 - List the differences between distance-based and...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 3RIACh. 19.4 - You are building a tree based on 16S rRNA sequence...Ch. 19.4 - Is HGT involved in movement of genes in the core...Ch. 19.5 - On what evidence is this hypothesis based?Ch. 19.5 - Construct a scenario in which each of the...Ch. 19.5 - Which do you think would have a pan-genome more...Ch. 19.5 - Define ecotype. Do you think it is necessary to...Ch. 19.5 - What is the difference between the core genome and...Ch. 19.5 - Of the following genes, which do you think are...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 4RIACh. 19.6 - Why is the second edition of Bergeys Manual no...Ch. 19.6 - Describe two different situations in which it...Ch. 19 - Consider the fact that the use of 16S rRNA...Ch. 19 - Bacteria and Archaea were classified phenetically...Ch. 19 - You have recently established a pure culture of a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4CHICh. 19 - Prob. 5CHICh. 19 - In 2007 a severe food-borne outbreak of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 7CHI
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- Bacteria that live in the digestive systems of cows help break down the plants that cows eat, providing nutrients to cows. The digestive systems of cows offer a safe environment in which the bacteria can live and reproduce. Which type of realationship exist between the bacteria and the cows?arrow_forwardThe unicellular, rod-shaped bacterium E. coli is~2 μm long and 0.8 μm wide, and has a genomeconsisting of a single 4.6 Mb circular DNA molecule. The unicellular archaean Methanosarcinaacetivorans is spherical (coccus-shaped) with adiameter of 3 μm and has a 5.7 Mb circular genome.The unicellular eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiaeis roughly spherical, with a diameter of 5–10 μm.It has a haploid genome of 12 Mb divided among16 linear chromosomes. Given these descriptions,how could you determine whether a new, uncharacterized microorganism was a bacterium, an archaean,or a eukaryote?arrow_forwardConstruct a summary table to present specific features of each transposable genetic element that are in found prokaryotic and eukaryotic? (Hint: Consider specific features such as name of host organism, genome size, essential genes and their function, mechanism of transposition and examples).arrow_forward
- Can you help me with this question?arrow_forwardIn 1995, the first free-living organism to have its genome completely sequenced was Haemophilus influenzae, a bacteria. In the following year, the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the first eukaryote genome sequence to be fully sequenced. The complete sequencing of the human genome and related organisms represent one of the greatest scientific achievements in the history of mankind.Elaborate on the importance of genome studies in general.arrow_forwardIf you’re comparing the sequences of protein “R” from multiple vertebrates, arthropods, protists, and bacteria, which PAM or BLOSUM matrix would be the most suitable compared to others? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forward
- You isolate bacteria from several different pools at the recreation center. Curious about which bacteria likely have a common ancestor with your reference pool (the Buffalo-pool), you BLAST the 16S ribosomal gene from the Buffalo pool bacteria against the 16S ribosomal genes from the other pools. The results are shown below. Which of the bacteria likely have a common ancestor with the Buffalo-pool bacteria? Use e as a cutoff for homology. Organism Dive-well bacteria Competition-pool bacterial Practice-pool bacteria Puddle bacteria Puddle bacteria Practice-pool bacteria Competition-pool bacteria Dive-well bacteria E-value 9e-175 -300 8e 4e-2 4arrow_forwardIn studying Lokiarchaeota, researchers identified eukaryotic signature genes and used this information to better understand the relationship between archaeans and eukaryotes. Many other types of genetic analysis can be used that focus on certain types of genes. One example of this is multilocus sequence typing (MLST), which focuses on examining genes called housekeeping genes. Microbes encode both housekeeping and pathogenic genes in their genome. Drag the examples of genes to the correct bins to indicate whether they are housekeeping genes, pathogenic genes, or eukaryotic signature genes. Place the phrase describing a gene product in the correct bin. ► View Available Hint(s) peptidoglycan synthesis genes Housekeeping genes membrane remodeling genes cytoskeletal genes membrane lipid genes Pathogenic genes endotoxin genes Reset ribosomal genes exotoxin genes Eukaryotic signature genes Helparrow_forwardYou have just created the world’s first genomic library from the African okapi, a relative of the giraffe. No genes from this genome have been previously isolated or described. You wish to isolate the gene encoding the oxygen-transporting protein b-globin from the okapi library. This gene has been isolated from humans, and its nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence are available in databases. Using the information available about the human b-globin gene, what two strategies can you use to isolate this gene from the okapi library?arrow_forward
- find an example of a set of genes that have been horizontally gene transferred between bacteria or archaea. Which organisms are the genes transferred between? Explain the set of genes that were transferred. Include what they are for and what the advantage to sharing those genes are.What do the organisms use the genes for?Which organisms the transfer happened between?What might be the advantage be to share the genes with other organisms?arrow_forwardWrite and detail a complete all encompassing definition of a gene. Consider the morphology, physiology, ecological, behavioral, etc. aspects of the gene. Discuss each part of the gene listed in your definition. Is your definition of the gene as determined through complementation, recombination, and mutation for prokaryotes directly applicable to eucaryotes? Why or why not? What additional information must be taken into account?arrow_forwardUse the graph to identify the most likely consensus sequences. Assume this is a prokaryoticcell, label Pribnow boxarrow_forward
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genetic recombination strategies of bacteria CONJUGATION, TRANSDUCTION AND TRANSFORMATION; Author: Scientist Cindy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Va8FZJEl9A;License: Standard youtube license