Chapter 19.11, Problem 20ATS

(a)

Nitration

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products for the following reactions have to be predicted.

                    

Concept Introduction:

The mixture of concentrated Nitric acid and concentrated Sulfuric acid is known as nitrating mixture. This reaction is used to impart ${\text{-NO}}_{\text{2}}$ group on benzene and related compounds.

1. (a) Bromination

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products for the following reactions have to be predicted.

                    

Concept Introduction:

Bromination of aromatic compounds is achieved by using ${\text{Br}}_{\text{2}}{\text{/FeBr}}_{\text{3}}$ where ${\text{FeBr}}_{\text{3}}$ is a Lewis acid. This reaction is constructive method to impart $\text{-Br}$ group in an aromatic ring by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

1. (b) Sulfonation

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products for the following reactions have to be predicted.

                    

Concept Introduction:

Sulfonation of aromatic compounds is imparting ${\text{-SO}}_3\text{H}$ group in aromatic ring. It is achieved by using concentrated Sulfuric acid. Some compounds require fuming Sulfuric acid.