Chapter 19, Problem 53PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The plausible reaction and mechanism should be draw and identified for the given sets of transformation reactions.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophiles: A nucleophile is a more reactant species that affords a pair of electrons to the electrophile or electrophilic center and forms a new covalent bond. The carbon or other hetero atom in a molecule which is bearing negative charge or lone pair of electron is called as nucleophiles.

Electrophile: An electrophile is a species that accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.

Electrophilic aromatic substitution is anywhere benzene acts as a nucleophile to return a substituent with a new electrophile. The benzene needs to donate electrons from within the ring. Benzene becomes fewer reactive in EAS when deactivating groups are present on it. Deactivating groups are often fine electron-withdrawing groups.

Electrophilic substitution reactions are chemical reactions in which an electrophile displaces a useful group in a compound, which is typically, extra than not always, and a hydrogen atom. The other main type of electrophilic substitution reaction is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via $E1$(the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or $E2$(the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The plausible reaction and mechanism should be draw and identified for the given sets of transformation reactions.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophiles: A nucleophile is a more reactant species that affords a pair of electrons to the electrophile or electrophilic center and forms a new covalent bond. The carbon or other hetero atom in a molecule which is bearing negative charge or lone pair of electron is called as nucleophiles.

Electrophile: An electrophile is a species that accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.

Electrophilic aromatic substitution is anywhere benzene acts as a nucleophile to return a substituent with a new electrophile. The benzene needs to donate electrons from within the ring. Benzene becomes fewer reactive in EAS when deactivating groups are present on it. Deactivating groups are often fine electron-withdrawing groups.

Electrophilic substitution reactions are chemical reactions in which an electrophile displaces a useful group in a compound, which is typically, extra than not always, and a hydrogen atom. The other main type of electrophilic substitution reaction is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via $E1$(the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or $E2$(the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The plausible reaction and mechanism should be draw and identified for the given sets of transformation reactions.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophiles: A nucleophile is a more reactant species that affords a pair of electrons to the electrophile or electrophilic center and forms a new covalent bond. The carbon or other hetero atom in a molecule which is bearing negative charge or lone pair of electron is called as nucleophiles.

Electrophile: An electrophile is a species that accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.

Electrophilic aromatic substitution is anywhere benzene acts as a nucleophile to return a substituent with a new electrophile. The benzene needs to donate electrons from within the ring. Benzene becomes fewer reactive in EAS when deactivating groups are present on it. Deactivating groups are often fine electron-withdrawing groups.

Electrophilic substitution reactions are chemical reactions in which an electrophile displaces a useful group in a compound, which is typically, extra than not always, and a hydrogen atom. The other main type of electrophilic substitution reaction is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via $E1$(the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or $E2$(the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The plausible reaction and mechanism should be draw and identified for the given sets of transformation reactions.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophiles: A nucleophile is a more reactant species that affords a pair of electrons to the electrophile or electrophilic center and forms a new covalent bond. The carbon or other hetero atom in a molecule which is bearing negative charge or lone pair of electron is called as nucleophiles.

Electrophile: An electrophile is a species that accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.

Electrophilic aromatic substitution is anywhere benzene acts as a nucleophile to return a substituent with a new electrophile. The benzene needs to donate electrons from within the ring. Benzene becomes fewer reactive in EAS when deactivating groups are present on it. Deactivating groups are often fine electron-withdrawing groups.

Electrophilic substitution reactions are chemical reactions in which an electrophile displaces a useful group in a compound, which is typically, extra than not always, and a hydrogen atom. The other main type of electrophilic substitution reaction is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via $E1$(the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or $E2$(the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The plausible reaction and mechanism should be draw and identified for the given sets of transformation reactions.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophiles: A nucleophile is a more reactant species that affords a pair of electrons to the electrophile or electrophilic center and forms a new covalent bond. The carbon or other hetero atom in a molecule which is bearing negative charge or lone pair of electron is called as nucleophiles.

Electrophile: An electrophile is a species that accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.

Electrophilic aromatic substitution is anywhere benzene acts as a nucleophile to return a substituent with a new electrophile. The benzene needs to donate electrons from within the ring. Benzene becomes fewer reactive in EAS when deactivating groups are present on it. Deactivating groups are often fine electron-withdrawing groups.

Electrophilic substitution reactions are chemical reactions in which an electrophile displaces a useful group in a compound, which is typically, extra than not always, and a hydrogen atom. The other main type of electrophilic substitution reaction is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via $E1$(the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or $E2$(the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.