Nutrition Through The Life Cycle
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781337919333
Author: Brown, Judith E.
Publisher: Cengage Learning,
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Chapter 19, Problem 9RQ
Summary Introduction
To list: At least three reasons why an older adult might have low vitamin
Introduction: Vitamin B12 also known as cobalamin is an essential vitamin for development and function of nerve cells and the nervous system. It also helps in the production of red blood cells. Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause neurological diseases and anemia in older adults.
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Charles is a diabetic with Alzheimer's disease and often forgets whether he has injected insulin or not. He is in the emergency room today because of heart abnormalities and is found to have hyperinsulinemia. You would also expect his blood analysis to show:
hyperkalemia
hypokalemia
Which of the following medications, when taken prior to eating, is especially effective for correcting postprandial hyperglycemia after a high-carbohydrate meal, so that hypoglycemia post dosing is minimized?
Acarbose
Glyburide
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Tolbutamide
Discuss the relationship between diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. What dietary measures can be taken to decrease the risks associated with the two disease processes in a patient who has been diagnosed with both?
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- Which of the following best describes the role of the hexosamine pathway in the pathogenesis of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus? Question 79 options: a) It involves irreversible binding of glucose to proteins, lipids and nucleic acids which damages components of the microcirculation leading to retinopathy, etc. b) It promotes the O-linked glycosylation of proteins and transcription factors, resulting in altered gene expression contributing to insulin resistance & cardiovascular complications c) It promotes the synthesis of DAG which increases pro-inflammatory gene expression and endothelial ET-1 production resulting in blood flow abnormalities d) It leads to intracellular accumulation of osmotically active sorbitol and fructose which damages Schwann cells, erythrocytes and the lens of the eyearrow_forwardWhile insulin levels are primarily regulated by blood glucose, other factors are also able to influence insulin levels. Briefly describe the major positive and negative factors.arrow_forwardDiscuss the differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes and explain the reasons for the sign/symptoms seen in diabetes. ANSWER SHOULD INCLUDE: Type 1 - causes ,incidence Type 2 - cause, incidence Lack of insulin to blood glucose levels rise ( hyperglycaemia e.g. 20mmol/or more); glucose can not move into cells to provide energy for metabolic reactions. Link to symptoms, e.g. tiredness, hunger. Glucose excreted in urine ( exceeds renal threshold). Link to polyuria,thirst,dehydration - protein broken down to form more glucose (gluconeogenesis): provides energy to cells. -Link Fats broken down to FFA and glycerol for glucose production (gluconeogenesis). Link to weight loss. Link excess ketone bodies formed from fat break down to ketoacidosis. Link to ketone in urine (ketonuria), vomiting, coma.arrow_forward
- For each of the following scenarios explain how blood calcium would be effected (increased or decrease) and describe the pathway that results in an alteration of calcium levels. A: Jackie goes on a tropical vacation. B: Larry has takes a medication that osteoblasts more active. C: Lisa has an operation to remove her parathyroid glands.arrow_forwardPeople with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are generally not ketosis prone. This is thought to be a result of: the lack of increase in glucagons in the se individuals the presence of insulin in the individuals their obesity the fact that, their blood glucose levels do not tend to rise significantly Metabolic actions of insulin include all of the following except: increased glycogenesis decreased gluconeogenesis increased basal metabolic rate increased skeletal muscle amino acid up-take all of the above are metabolic actions of insulinarrow_forwardWould a metabolic rational for a child who has a similar diet to other children but after infections or vigorous exercise has low blood glucose levels and increased lactic acid in the blood along with potential lethargy, shakiness and irritability be type 1 diabetes? Noting that an effective treatment for them is alanine supplementation in the diet.arrow_forward
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