Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780133922851
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 19, Problem 7TYU
EVOLUTION CONNECTION The successof some viruses lies in their ability to evolve rapidly within thc host. Such viruses evade the host's defenses by mutating and producing many altered progeny viruses before the body can mount an attack. Thus, the viruses present late in infection differ from those that initially infected the body. Discuss this as an example of evolution in microcosm. Which viral lineages tend to predominate?
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The success of some viruses lies in their ability to evolve rapidly within the host. Such a virus evades the host's defenses by mutating and producing many altered progeny viruses before the body can mount an attack. Thus, the viruses present late in infection differ from those that initially infected the body. Discuss this as an example of evolution in a microcosm. Which viral lineages tend to predominate?
Coronaviridae is a virus “family.” There are actually many different coronaviruses within this group, including less pathogenic virus strains that cause the common cold. Many people in this course have likely been infected with one of these other coronaviruses.
A common feature of coronaviruses and other RNA viruses (think influenza virus, HIV, etc.) is that they mutate frequently. This is because the viral enzymes that copy the genome during replication can’t fix mistakes.
Given this information, how might we be able to distinguish the SARS-CoV-2 strain from some of the other, less concerning, coronavirus strains?
How do cellular receptors for viruses come about?
does host species that a particular virus infects evolve to have the viral receptors?
would the above offer any survival and/or reproductive advantages to the host?
how likely does the virus mutate so it would recognize (or fit) a particular exiting surface protein on the target cells of the host?
Chapter 19 Solutions
Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 19.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Bacteriophages were used to...Ch. 19.2 - Compare the effect on the host cell of a lytic...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19.2 - Why is HIV called a retrovirus?Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 19.3 - Describe two ways in which a preexisting virus can...Ch. 19.3 - Contrast horizontal and vertical transmission of...Ch. 19.3 - WHAT IF? TMV has been isolated from virtually all...Ch. 19 - Are viruses generally considered living or...
Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.2CRCh. 19 - Prob. 19.3CRCh. 19 - Which of the following characteristics,...Ch. 19 - Emerging viruses arise by (A) mutation of existing...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 19 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 19 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 19 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION The successof some viruses...Ch. 19 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY When bacteria infect an animal,...Ch. 19 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION While viruses...Ch. 19 - Prob. 10TYU
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- The genome of which of the following types of animal virus can act directly as MRNA and be utilized by ribosomes without prior processing? O 1) retroviruses O 2) SSDNA viruses 3) -SSRNA viruses O 4) +SSRNA viruses 5) dsDNA virusesarrow_forwardAs a general rule, viruses are not considered to be alive based on several reasons. One such reason is that some viruses use RNA as their genetic material instead of DNA. Which of the five biological themes does this violate? Briefly explain why.arrow_forwardEndocytosed enveloped viruses leave endosomal compartments at some point during endosome maturation and fusion with the lysosome. But some types of viruses escape earlier in that process than others. What is one reason why escape might happen at different points?arrow_forward
- Which of the following highly contagious viruses is a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus with a helical capsid and envelope and is transmitted by coming in contact with respiratory secretions? "This is a highly contagious respiratory illness transmitted when an infected person coughs or sneezes virus particles into the air," the health department said in a written statement. "It's so contagious that if one person is sick and spreading measles, nine out of 10 people around them who aren't immune will get it, too." Group of answer choices a. Measles b. Parvovirus c. Coxsackie virus A d. Rhinovirusarrow_forwardWhich of the following processes occurs in both lytic and nonlytic viral infections?(i) Infected cell ruptures to release viral particles.(ii) Viral mRNAs are transcribed by the host-cell translation machinery.(iii) Viral proteins and nucleic acids are packaged to produce virions.arrow_forward"As the coronavirus spread globally, its genome changed — mutated — as expected for any virus. These mutations may affect the virus’s “fitness,” its ability to reproduce and spread. Some mutations weaken a virus, some have no measurable effect, and some make it stronger. There are many ways that a virus can mutate to increase its fitness. While there’s been much focus on changes in the virus’s spike proteins, which allow the coronavirus to invade cells, a virus can also sustain changes in other proteins. Such changes can allow the virus to replicate more easily or evade the immune system, for example. They may even allow the virus to persist longer in nasal passages. As a virus becomes more fit, it will outcompete less fit viruses — and Delta is not the first variant that has beat its predecessors and competitors in certain areas. There’s the Alpha variant that first became dominant in Britain, and the Gamma variant that first became dominant in Brazil. Such changes are not unique to…arrow_forward
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