Chapter 19, Problem 65PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The starting molecule should be drawn and identified for the given corresponding target molecules by using its structures.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

$S_{N}1$Reaction: The $S_{N}1$ reaction is twostep process, leaving group leaves the molecule is first step and forms the more stable carbocation. Further, nucleophile attacks the carbocation and forms the final product in the second step. The rate of the reaction depends on the stability of the carbocation.

$S_{N}2$Reaction: The $S_{N}2$ reaction is single step process, leaving group leaves the molecule and nucleophiles attack the molecule is single step process which is simultaneous process.

Hydrolysis Reaction: This type of reaction involving the braking of a carbon-carbon triple, double bonds in a molecules using water or diluted acid such as (HCl, H₂SO₄ etc.,).

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of π-bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

To identify: The synthetic route to accomplish the given starting transformation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The starting molecule should be drawn and identified for the given corresponding target molecules by using its structures.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

$S_{N}1$Reaction: The $S_{N}1$ reaction is twostep process, leaving group leaves the molecule is first step and forms the more stable carbocation. Further, nucleophile attacks the carbocation and forms the final product in the second step. The rate of the reaction depends on the stability of the carbocation.

$S_{N}2$Reaction: The $S_{N}2$ reaction is single step process, leaving group leaves the molecule and nucleophiles attack the molecule is single step process which is simultaneous process.

Hydrolysis Reaction: This type of reaction involving the braking of a carbon-carbon triple, double bonds in a molecules using water or diluted acid such as (HCl, H₂SO₄ etc.,).

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of π-bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

To identify: The synthetic route to accomplish the given starting transformation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The starting molecule should be drawn and identified for the given corresponding target molecules by using its structures.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

$S_{N}1$Reaction: The $S_{N}1$ reaction is twostep process, leaving group leaves the molecule is first step and forms the more stable carbocation. Further, nucleophile attacks the carbocation and forms the final product in the second step. The rate of the reaction depends on the stability of the carbocation.

$S_{N}2$Reaction: The $S_{N}2$ reaction is single step process, leaving group leaves the molecule and nucleophiles attack the molecule is single step process which is simultaneous process.

Hydrolysis Reaction: This type of reaction involving the braking of a carbon-carbon triple, double bonds in a molecules using water or diluted acid such as (HCl, H₂SO₄ etc.,).

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of π-bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

To identify: The synthetic route to accomplish the given starting transformation.