Chapter 19, Problem 54R

To determine

To explain: The five types of chemical reaction with the description and their example.

Answer to Problem 54R

The five types of reaction are given below with their example,

1. Combination reaction: That reaction in which two or more compounds are combined and formed one new compound is called the combination reaction.

For example: $\text{2Na}\left(\text{s}\right){\text{+Cl}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right)\to \text{2NaCl}\left(\text{s}\right)$

Here, sodium metal is reacted with the chlorine and forms the new compound sodium chloride.

2. Decomposition reaction: that reaction in which a complex molecule breaks down into the simpler ones is called the decomposition reaction.

For example: ${\text{2H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)\to {\text{2H}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right)\text{+}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right)$

In this reaction, water molecule is decomposed into the hydrogen gas and oxygen gas.

3. Precipitation reaction: when two soluble salt solution are mixed with each other and from the insoluble solid or precipitate, this reaction is called the precipitation reaction.

For example- $\text{KCl}\left(\text{aq}\right){\text{+AgNO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to \text{AgCl}\left(\text{s}\right){\text{+KNO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

Here, an insoluble salt of silver chloride is formed

4. Single-displacement reaction: The reaction which involves the displacement of a less reactive atom by the more reactive atom is called the single displacement reaction.

For example: $\text{Zn}\left(\text{s}\right){\text{+CuSO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to {\text{ZnSO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+Cu}\left(\text{s}\right)$

Here, the less reactive copper is displaced by the more reactive zinc element.

5. Neutralization reaction: the reaction in which an acid is react with the base and neutralize the reaction.

  ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+2NaOH}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to {\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right){\text{+2H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)$

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

The chemical reaction is a reaction in which one or more substances that are called reactants are converted into another substance which are called the products.

The chemical reaction is a reaction in which one or more substances that are called reactants are converted into another substance which are called the products. There are some types of reaction which are given as,

Combination reaction is the reaction in which two or more compounds are combined and formed one new compound. for example: $\text{2Na}\left(\text{s}\right){\text{+Cl}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right)\to \text{2NaCl}\left(\text{s}\right)$ here, sodium metal is reacted with the chlorine and forms the new compound sodium chloride. Decomposition reaction are the reaction in which a complex molecule breaks down into the simpler ones.

For example: ${\text{2H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)\to {\text{2H}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right)\text{+}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right)$ . In this reaction, water molecule is decomposed into the hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. Precipitation reaction is the reaction in which two soluble salt solution are mixed with each other and from the insoluble solid or precipitate. For example- $\text{KCl}\left(\text{aq}\right){\text{+AgNO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to \text{AgCl}\left(\text{s}\right){\text{+KNO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$ Here, an insoluble salt of silver chloride is formed. Single-displacement reaction is the reaction which involves the displacement of a less reactive atom by the more reactive atom. for example: $\text{Zn}\left(\text{s}\right){\text{+CuSO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to {\text{ZnSO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+Cu}\left(\text{s}\right)$ . here, the less reactive copper is displaced by the more reactive zinc element. Neutralization reaction is the reaction in which an acid is react with the base and neutralize the reaction. for example: ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+2NaOH}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to {\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right){\text{+2H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)$

Conclusion:

Thus, different types of reactions are combination reaction, decomposition reaction, precipitation reaction, single-displacement reaction and neutralization reaction.