EP HUMAN BIOLOGY-MODIFIED MASTERING
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134326436
Author: Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON CO
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Chapter 19, Problem 4TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Gregor Mendel gave the law of independent assortment in the 19th century. This law states that alleles (forms of genes that are inherited) separate independently during cell division or gamete formation. This he proved by performing breeding experiments on pea plants.
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State the conclusions reached by Mendel in his work on the inheritance of
characteristics. Explain how each of the following deviates from these
conclusions:
a. Autosomal linkage
b. Sex-linked (X-linked) inheritance
c. Polygenic (multiple-gene) inheritance
Which of the following in not an extension of Mendel's
A. Codominance
B. Polygonic traits
C. Complete dominance
D. Incomplete dominance
Gregor Mendel noticed that recessive characteristics are "masked" in the F1 generation but reappear in the F2 generation. Which of the following laws best explains this observation?
a.
The law of products
b.
The law of segregation
c.
The law of independent assortment
d.
The law of linked alleles
e.
None of the above
Chapter 19 Solutions
EP HUMAN BIOLOGY-MODIFIED MASTERING
Ch. 19 - If you might be a carrier of a gene for an...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2QCCh. 19 - Prob. 1CRCh. 19 - Prob. 2CRCh. 19 -
3. Distinguish between genotype and phenotype.
Ch. 19 - Describe the contributions of Mendel to the field...Ch. 19 - Explain how alterations of chromosome number and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 6CRCh. 19 - Prob. 7CRCh. 19 - Describe what is meant by sex-linked inheritance.
Ch. 19 -
9. Explain why lethal diseases caused by dominant...Ch. 19 - Prob. 10CRCh. 19 - All of the following statements about homologous...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2TYCh. 19 -
3. Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4TYCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYCh. 19 - Prob. 6TYCh. 19 - Prob. 7TYCh. 19 - Which of the following results in the separation...Ch. 19 - Prob. 9TYCh. 19 - Prob. 10TYCh. 19 - What tool is used to determine the probabilities...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12TYCh. 19 - What is the basis for the tremendous genetic...Ch. 19 - Prob. 14TYCh. 19 -
15. Which of the following events or processes...Ch. 19 -
1. What fraction of the offspring of two...Ch. 19 -
2. Why is it that the range of resting blood...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3AWKCh. 19 - Geneticists often study patterns of gene transfer...Ch. 19 - Prob. 5AWKCh. 19 - Prob. 6AWKCh. 19 - Nondisjunction during meiosis can lead to the...
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- Which of the following apply in the the dihybrid cross of Mendel: a. Three different genotypes and two different phenotypes b. Four different genotypes and four different phenotypes. c. Independent assortment d. Four different genotypes and nine different phenotypesarrow_forwardIn Mendel’s terminology, a “true-breeding” variety of a particular plant: a. Has a homozygous genotype for that trait b. All of the listed choices are correct c. Will have the same phenotype as the parental plant d. Always has offspring with the same phenotype for that traitarrow_forwardWhat was the most significant conclusion that Gregor Mendel drew from his experiments with pea plants? Select one: a. There is considerable genetic variation in garden peas. b. Genes are composed of DNA. c. Recessive genes occur more frequently in the F1 generation than do dominant ones. d. Traits are inherited in discrete units (genes), and are not the results of "blending."arrow_forward
- Gregor Mendel proposed the law of independent assortment based on the observation that dihybrid crosses of heterozygous individuals produced progeny in a 9:3:3:1 ratio. For this observation to hold, which assumption must be true? A. The traits are governed by genes on different chromosomes. B. The traits are governed by genes on the same chromosome. C. The traits are governed by genes with only two alleles. D. The traits are governed by genes with only three alleles.arrow_forwardTay–Sachs disease is caused by recessive alleles on anautosome. In which case(s) could two parents with anormal phenotype have a child with Tay–Sachs?a. Both parents are homozygous for a Tay–Sachs allele.b. Both parents are heterozygous for a Tay–Sachsallele.c. One parent is homozygous for a Tay–Sachs allele,and the other is heterozygous.arrow_forwardWhat are the genotypes of the mother and father in the pedigree below? The pedigree shows albinism (an autosomal recessive trait). The shaded shapes represent albino individuals. a. mother - homozygous dominant; father - homozygous dominant b. mother - heterozygous; father - homozygous recessive c. mother - homozygous recessive; father - heterozygous d. mother - heterozygous; father - heterozygous e. mother - homozygous dominant; father - homozygous recessivearrow_forward
- Which of the following would conform to Mendel’s law of independent assortment?a. all the alleles of different genesb. alleles located on different chromosomesc. alleles located on sex chromosomesd. alleles located on the same chromosomearrow_forwardThe condition phenylketonuria is caused by a recessive allele. There are two carriers who have progeny.a. Give the gene notation. b. Give the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios. c. What is the probability that their child will be heterozygous if they have a normal child?d. What is the probability of having two affected children and one normal child if they have three children?arrow_forwardGregor Mendel developed an understanding of heredity through his experiments with pea plants. The diagram below shows a cell with 2 pairs of homologous chromosomes and genotype of AaBb. a. Identify all the possible allele combinations that could be formed if this cell undergoes meiosis. b. Identify one of Mendel's laws that is illustrated when you write out these allele combinations. EXPLAIN this law.arrow_forward
- A couple who are about to get married learn from studying their family histories that, in both their families, theirunaffected grandparents had siblings with cystic fibrosis(a rare autosomal recessive disease).a. If the couple marries and has a child, what is theprobability that the child will have cystic fibrosis?b. If they have four children, what is the chance that thechildren will have the precise Mendelian ratio of 3:1 fornormal:cystic fibrosis?c. If their first child has cystic fibrosis, what is theprobability that their next three children will be normal?arrow_forwardMendel obtained his initial pea plant varieties from local breeders who were developing new varieties that might be useful or interesting. To generate these new varieties, breeders formed hybrids between existing varieties of different phenotypic characteristics by cross pollination, using techniques they doubtless taught to Mendel. After producing a hybrid, they allowed several generations of self-pollination, as happens naturally if the flowers are not disturbed. a. How many generations would it take for a breeder to have produced new pure-breeding varieties using this approach? b. What is the probability that an individual in each of these generations (F2, F3, and F10) would be homozygous for one or the other allele of this gene?arrow_forwardMendel obtained his initial pea plant varieties from local breeders who were developing new varieties that might be useful or interesting. To generate these new varieties, breeders formed hybrids between existing varieties of different phenotypic characteristics by cross pollination, using techniques they doubtless taught to Mendel. After producing a hybrid, they allowed several generations of self-pollination, as happens naturally if the flowers are not disturbed. a. How many generations would it take for a breeder to have produced new pure-breeding varieties using this approach? i. First, consider just one heterozygous gene in the F1 hybrid. What is the probability that an individual of the F2 generation would be heterozygous for that gene? ii. What is the probability that an individual in the F3 generation would be heterozygous for this gene? iii. What is the probability that an individual in the F10 generation would be heterozygous for this gene? iv. What is the…arrow_forward
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