Concept explainers
To review:
Each parent is able to contribute only a single allele of each gene to his/her offspring, rather than both alleles.
Introduction:
According to Mendel's law, each individual has two factors for each trait one of which they get from each parent. Depending on the type of information they get from their parents, they are divided into two categories: homozygous and heterozygous. An individual is said to be homozygous for the trait if it is carrying identical factors. If the two different factors have different information then the individual is said to be heterozygous. Alternative forms of a factor called as alleles. An individual contains two alleles for each trait, one from each parent (that is one from female and one from male parent).
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Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues
- For a recessive condition, two normal heterozygous individuals have children. What is the likelihood of their children being affected by this condition? What is the likelihood of their children being carriers without the condition? What is the likelihood of their asymptomatic children being carriers? Suppose that an individual with the condition has children with a heterozygous individual, what is the likelihood of their children being carriers?arrow_forwardThe allele for hitchhiker’s thumb (h) is recessive to straight thumb (H). If a man and his wife are both homozygous recessive, will any of their offspring potentially have hitchhikers thumb? What is the man’s genotype and the woman’s genotype? What is the man’s phenotype and the woman’s phenotype? What genotype(s) must the offspring have in order to have the phenotypic trait of hitchhiker’s thumb? Do a cross to determine all potential hitchhiker’s thumb genotypes and phenotypes for the offspring of this man and woman. Is it possible for any offspring of the F1 generation to have hitchhiker’s thumb?arrow_forwardSuppose that a grandfather, mother, and son all have the same homozygous dominant genotype for a gene that controls facial hair growth. The grandfather and son have thick beards, but the mother has no significant facial hair. What type of non-Mendelian inheritance is this? O a) Sex-influenced inheritance Ob) Sex-limited inheritance Oc) Onset of genetic expression O d) X-linked dominant inheritancearrow_forward
- What is nondisjunction? Why does it cause chromosomal abnormalities? What is aneulploidy? Trisomy? Monosomy? Which kind of monosomy always results in miscarriage in early pregnancy? What do these terms mean: genotype, phenotype, allele, homozygous, heterozygous? Be able to recognize single gene inheritance patterns [autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X linked recessive] from a pedigree. Also, how are simple Mendelian traits transmitted? What genotype produces the phenotype? Why do some inheritance patterns result in many more males than females showing the phenotype? What inheritance patterns do Huntington disease and sickle cell anemia, and hemophilia follow (autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive, or X-linked recessive)? What are some of the symptoms of these diseases?arrow_forwardWhich statement is false when considering alleles and genes? a) A given gene can have many different possible alleles. b) Alleles are alternative forms or variants of genes. c) Individuals can be homozygous or heterozygous, and this refers to which alleles they have for a particular gene. d) An allele is the same thing as a gene.arrow_forwardWhat is the phenomenon of a single gene determining a number of distinct and seemingly unrelated characteristics?arrow_forward
- In humans, the gene for brachydactyly (abnormally short fingers) is a dominant gene. The normal finger condition is the recessive trait. Both parents are heterozygous at this location. What is the phenotype of the father? Of the mother? What percentage of their kids should be expected to have brachydactyly?arrow_forwardWhat do the terms genotype, phenotype, dominant, recessive, homozygous, and heterozygous mean?arrow_forwardin some cases, inheritance of a single allele, such as the sex-determining factor, will cause phenotypes to be so different that we can see which individuals carry which allele. list the rea- sons why this is unusual. Why can’t we usually tell at a glance who carries which allele?arrow_forward
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