Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780321821652
Author: Michael D. Johnson
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 4AWK
Geneticists often study patterns of gene transfer in a variety of model organisms, including plants, fruit flies, and even worms. If they're really interested in patterns of inheritance in humans, why don't they use humans or at least larger animals more similar to humans, such as pigs or even primates?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion If you want to identify genes linked to autism in a mouse model, which genetic approach or approaches could you use? (Mark all that apply)
A) Reverse Genetics
B) Forward Genetics
C) Optogenetics
D) Population Genetics
Often geneticists want to change one allele in an outcrossing organism while keeping the rest of the genome the same. For example, they might wish to take a specially designed stock of flies and alter the eye color from red to white. Suppose that the white-eye allele is dominant, meaning that flies with one or two white-eye alleles will have white eyes. One procedure used is to take a white-eyed fly and cross it with the red-eyed stock. The whiteeyed offspring are then considered to be the first generation, and are crossed with the red-eyed stock. Their white-eyed offspring are considered to be the second generation, and are again crossed with the red-eyed stock, and so forth. The special red-eyed stock is homozygous for the desirable allele A at some other locus, but the white-eyed fly is homozygous for the inferior a allele at that locus. How many back-crosses would be necessary to purge 99.9999% of the inferior genes from the white-eyed fly?
Imagine that you are a new breeder for caique parrots. You can sell normal green
feather birds for $500 a bird. The mutation for blue feathers is rare and birds with this
color can sell for $3000 a bird. Your goal is to produce as many blue feather offspring
as you can, but you don't have the budget to buy blue feather birds as parents.
Question: What genotype should you purchase for both parent blrds to get the best
chance of getting blue feather offspring? Create and use your Punnett square results as
evidence to support your answer.
You will need to make multiple Punnett Squares to see which parent genotypes makes
the most blue feathered offspring. Keep in mind that Green fealhers (G) is dominant
over blue feathers (g), so birds with blue feathers have the genotype gg. Some Punnett
squares are provided for you to determine the possible crosses, but remember yoU
cannot afford a blue feathered bird, so neither of your parent birds can have the
genotype gg. Complete a Punnett Square…
Chapter 19 Solutions
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues
Ch. 19 - If you might be a carrier of a gene for an...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2QCCh. 19 - Prob. 1CRCh. 19 - Prob. 2CRCh. 19 -
3. Distinguish between genotype and phenotype.
Ch. 19 - Describe the contributions of Mendel to the field...Ch. 19 - Explain how alterations of chromosome number and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 6CRCh. 19 - Prob. 7CRCh. 19 - Describe what is meant by sex-linked inheritance.
Ch. 19 -
9. Explain why lethal diseases caused by dominant...Ch. 19 - Prob. 10CRCh. 19 - All of the following statements about homologous...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2TYCh. 19 -
3. Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4TYCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYCh. 19 - Prob. 6TYCh. 19 - Prob. 7TYCh. 19 - Which of the following results in the separation...Ch. 19 - Prob. 9TYCh. 19 - Prob. 10TYCh. 19 - What tool is used to determine the probabilities...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12TYCh. 19 - What is the basis for the tremendous genetic...Ch. 19 - Prob. 14TYCh. 19 -
15. Which of the following events or processes...Ch. 19 -
1. What fraction of the offspring of two...Ch. 19 -
2. Why is it that the range of resting blood...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3AWKCh. 19 - Geneticists often study patterns of gene transfer...Ch. 19 - Prob. 5AWKCh. 19 - Prob. 6AWKCh. 19 - Nondisjunction during meiosis can lead to the...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Certainly, not all Muppets look like the one shown in the picture below, nor do they all look the same. In fact, there’s a great deal of phenotypic variation in Muppets. Two traits that have been particularly well-studied are curly hair presences and skin color. One individual is a male, and he possesses a green skin and no hair, whereas the female individual possess a curly hair and pink skin. Let’s call the gene controlling skin coloration S and that controlling hair H. In this species, both hair and green skin are recessive traits. Both of the individuals shown are homozygous. 1. What is the genotypes of Miss Piggy: 2. Kermit's Genotype: 3. If these two lovebirds (er, love-muppets?) mated, what would their offspring look like? Describe all phenotype combinations possible and the ratios in which they would occur?arrow_forwardPhotography booths that claim to produce pictures of what a male or female child of any given couple will look like are beginning to appear in arcades throughout the country. A couple enters the booth, a camera takes their pictures, and then a computer program analyzes and blends the morphologies of the two people to produce images of a male child and a female child they might create. In genetic terms, why will the couple be wasting their money if they buy these computer images? (Respond in at least 2 paragraphs)arrow_forwardYou were taking care of your heffalumps, and you notice that a few of the new babies have a strange phenotype you’ve never seen before. They are polka-dotted! You decide to sequence samples from the polka-dot babies to find the mutation that caused this novel phenotype. What kind of genetics is this? a. Reverse Genetics b. Epigenetics c. Forward Genetics d. Genomics e. None of the abovearrow_forward
- How can you use this piece of information to help you explain to your friends what is the significance of mutations in the emergence of new genetic properties (alleles) that may result (or not) in new phenotypic characteristics? (Recall that not all SNPs affect phenotype.)arrow_forwardYou join a project where the team is working on mapping three genes of a plant-like organism. The group is interested in three traits: flower color (red or purple; encoded by gene Color [C]), leaf texture (smooth or hairy; encoded by gene Texture [T]), and petal veins (present or absent; encoded by gene Vein [V]). One of the extraterrestrial geneticists (Dr. Jerry) hypothesizes that the genes for these traits are each on separate chromosomes that sort independently. You hypothesize that the genes for these traits are completely linked on the same chromosome and that they are all inherited together. 1.You cross 100 plants that are true-breeding for red flowers, hairy leaves, and petal veins (P1) with 100 plants that are true-breeding for purple flowers, smooth leaves, and no petal veins (P2). 500 plants of the F1 generation all have red flowers, hairy leaves, and petal veins. What does this tell you about the linkage between these genes? P1 P2 Purple Petals Smooth Leaves Veins Absent…arrow_forwardLet's consider a paternally imprinted gene. A female skink inherited alleles that that confer: 1) a mutant violet tail-color in the egg and 2) a mutant violet tail-color allele in the sperm. A male skink mate inherited a wild-type blue allele from the sperm and a mutant violet allele from the egg. They have 500 offspring. a. What tail color phenotypes do the parent male and parent female skinks have? Briefly explain your reasoning. female = male = b. What fraction of the offspring do you expect to have each phenotype (blue and violet tail color)? Briefly explain your reasoning/show your work.arrow_forward
- You are evaluating a trait that is associated with fur color in mice. The trait is controlled by a single autosomal gene where A1 codes for dark fur and A2 codes for light fur. You are mating two homozygous parents- a male that is A1A1 and a female that is A2A2. You learn that the trait is involved in genomic imprinting where the paternally inherited allele is heavily methylated to the point where it is completely silenced. If you performed a RECIPROCAL CROSS what phenotypic ration would you predict among the progeny? 100% Dark 100% Light 3Dark:1Light 1Light:3 Dark None of the answers I want are shown.arrow_forwardIn an epic battle, the Green Goblin was able to wound Spider-Man and collect a sample of his cells. Utilizing a HuMouse model organism, the Goblin got the mutated chromosomes into the animals and began breeding them to determine the basis of their chromosomal inheritance. In the process of conducting his research, he discovered the gene associated with spider-like powers are actually three distinct genes: one for spider sense; one for super strength; one for enhanced agility. All genes appear to be dominant, so the Goblin runs a test cross and gets the following results: Phenotype Agility Number of Progeny 94 Agility and Sense 3 All 3 Powers 580 Sense 40 Strength and Agility Strength and Sense Strength 45 89 5 No Powers 592 What is the map distance between Strength and Agility genes? (Enter your number as map units, or centiMorgans, but without units)arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of how genotype and environmental factors can work together to determine phenotype? O a) Temperature-senitive mutations O b) Nutritional factors resulting in epigenetic modification of genes c) Sex-influenced inheritance O d) Both A and B O e) Both A and Carrow_forward
- The zebra fish is a very popular aquarium pet fish that is known to be hardy, attractive, and able to survive well in groups. Wild type zebra fish have blue–purple horizontal stripes that run from gill to tail, with a silver–gold body. An alternative form of the zebra fish results from a mutation that causes a homozygous recessive red-colour fish. Could you kindly answer all of the questions? It's multiple choice so minimal explanation is needed and i do not have a lot of questions left. Thank you. a) If 32 of 84 zebra fish have the recessive phenotype of red colour, what is the frequency of the recessive allele in this population of fish? a. 0.62 b. 0.38 c. 0.14 d. 0.79 b) What percentage of the population of zebra fish are heterozygous? a. 47% b. 38% c. 62% d. 53% c)How many zebra fish are purebreeding for the blue–purple horizontal stripes? a. 72 b. 12 c. 52 d. 5 d) If 15 years ago, 34 of 88 zebra fish had the red colour, has microevolution occurred? Why or why not?…arrow_forwardTraditional gene mapping has been applied successfully to a variety of organisms including yeast, fungi, maize, and Drosophila. However, human gene mapping has only recently shared a similar spotlight. What factors have delayed the application of traditional gene-mapping techniques in humans?arrow_forwardThis research exploited the principles of Mendelian genetics combined with the MCR technique to genetically manipulate fruit flies. Now, suppose you do a similar experiment. You perform two crosses: one that allows for Mendelian patterns of inheritance, and another that uses MCR with CRISPR-Cas9 to genetically edit the eye color of fruit flies. In fruit flies, the gene for eye color is located on the X chromosome. Red eyes (wild type, w+) are dominant to white eyes (mutant, w-). Let’s see how well you can predict genotype and phenotype ratios resulting from the two crosses. Genetic cross 1 (without MCR): Cross between a white-eyed male and a homozygous red-eyed female. Genetic cross 2 (with MCR): Cross between an MCR-element (carries the CRISPR-Cas9 construct) white-eyed male and a homozygous red-eyed female. Keep in mind, this technology converts a heterozygous genotype to a homozygous recessive genotype. Drag the labels to the table to fill in the genotypic and phenotypic ratios.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY