ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781630180928
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OPENSTAX C
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Chapter 19, Problem 36CTQ
Why is it so important for the human heart to develop early and begin functioning within the developing embryo?
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1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine:
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
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2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0
Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…
The current nutrition labelling regulation in Hong Kong requires food manufacturer to list E+7 information on the package of pre-packaged food products. Do you think that more nutrients, such as calcium and cholesterol, shall be included?
Chapter 19 Solutions
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 19 - Visit this site...Ch. 19 - Which of the following is not important in...Ch. 19 - Which valve separates the left atrium from the...Ch. 19 - Which of the following lists the valves in the...Ch. 19 - Which chamber initially receives blood from the...Ch. 19 - The ________ layer secretes chemicals that help to...Ch. 19 - The myocardium would be the thickest in the...Ch. 19 - In which septum is it normal to find openings in...Ch. 19 - Which of the following is unique to cardiac muscle...Ch. 19 - The influx of which ion accounts for the plateau...
Ch. 19 - Which portion of the ECG corresponds to...Ch. 19 - Which component of the heart conduction system...Ch. 19 - The cardiac cycle consists of a distinct...Ch. 19 - Most blood enters the ventricle during ________....Ch. 19 - The first heart sound represents which portion of...Ch. 19 - Ventricular relaxation immediately follows...Ch. 19 - The force the heart must overcome to pump blood is...Ch. 19 - The cardiovascular centers are located in which...Ch. 19 - In a healthy young adult, what happens to cardiac...Ch. 19 - What happens to preload when there is venous...Ch. 19 - Which of the following is a positive inotrope? Na+...Ch. 19 - The earliest organ to form and begin function...Ch. 19 - Of the three germ layers that give rise to all...Ch. 19 - The two tubes that eventually fuse to form the...Ch. 19 - Which primitive area of the heart will give rise...Ch. 19 - The pulmonary trunk and aorta are derived from...Ch. 19 - Describe how the valves keep the blood moving in...Ch. 19 - Why is the pressure in the pulmonary circulation...Ch. 19 - Why is the plateau phase so critical to cardiac...Ch. 19 - How does the delay of the impulse at the...Ch. 19 - How do gap junctions and intercalated disks aid...Ch. 19 - Why do the cardiac muscles cells demonstrate...Ch. 19 - Describe one cardiac cycle, beginning with both...Ch. 19 - Why does increasing EDV increase contractility?Ch. 19 - Why is afterload important to cardiac function?Ch. 19 - Why is it so important for the human heart to...Ch. 19 - Describe how the major pumping chambers, the...
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