Horizons: Exploring the Universe (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305960961
Author: Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 19, Problem 2P
If a single asteroid 1 km in diameter were to be fragmented into meteoroids 1 m in diameter, how many would it yield? (Hint: The volume of a sphere
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Why are there no chondrules in achondritic meteorites?
Consider an asteroid that orbits in a relatively circular orbit with a semimajor axis a = 2 au
from the Sun. A typical asteroid has an albedo, or reflectivity, A ~ 0.3. At our closest
approach to the asteroid, we make a measurement of the flux coming from the asteroid to
be F = 3 × 10-15 w m-2. What is the radius of the asteroid in km? Include a labelled
diagram along with your calculations.
Re-order the numbers so the events occur in the correct order, with the oldest event as number 2, and
the youngest event as number 13.
2. Now at roughly 100% of present-day mass and the asteroid bombardment over, Earth begins
cooling and differentiating. As the outer layer of the Earth cools and solidifies, lighter elements
and compounds rise to the surface while the denser ones sink to the core
3. The now differentiated ice, gas, and dust of the solar accretion disc conglomerates together into
asteroids from gravity
4. "The Big Whack"
A Mars-sized protoplanet we call Theia collides with primitive Earth, adding even more energy
and mass
5. The Big Bang
6. As the early atmosphere cools, water vapor is eventually cool enough to condense into liquid
water, eventually covering the planet in an ocean
7. The debris from the collision of Earth and Theia produce a ring in orbit. This ring eventually
coalesces into the Moon, just as Earth coalesced from the solar accretion disc
8. A nebula…
Chapter 19 Solutions
Horizons: Exploring the Universe (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 19 - What do Widmanst?tten patterns indicate about the...Ch. 19 - What do chondrules tell you about the history of...Ch. 19 - Why are there no chondrules in achondritic...Ch. 19 - Why do astronomers refer to carbonaceous...Ch. 19 - Prob. 5RQCh. 19 - Prob. 6RQCh. 19 - Why do astronomers think the asteroids were never...Ch. 19 - Prob. 8RQCh. 19 - What evidence indicates that some asteroids have...Ch. 19 - What evidence indicates that some asteroids have...
Ch. 19 - Prob. 11RQCh. 19 - What is the difference between a gas tail and a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 13RQCh. 19 - What are the hypotheses for how the bodies in the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 15RQCh. 19 - Prob. 1DQCh. 19 - Do you think the government should spend money to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1PCh. 19 - If a single asteroid 1 km in diameter were to be...Ch. 19 - If a trillion (1012) asteroids, each 1 km in...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4PCh. 19 - What is the maximum angular diameter of the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 6PCh. 19 - Prob. 7PCh. 19 - Prob. 8PCh. 19 - What is the orbital period of a comet nucleus in...Ch. 19 - The mass of an average comet’s nucleus is about...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1LTLCh. 19 - Prob. 2LTLCh. 19 - Prob. 3LTL
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What evidence indicates that some asteroids once had geologically active surfaces?arrow_forwardWhy is it more useful to classify meteorites according to whether they are primitive or differentiated rather than whether they are stones, irons, or stony-irons?arrow_forwardIn what ways are meteorites different from meteors? What is the probable origin of each?arrow_forward
- The mass of the asteroids is found mostly in the larger asteroids, so to estimate the total mass we need to consider only the larger objects. Suppose the three largest asteroids-Ceres (1000 km in diameter), Pallas (500 km in diameter), and Vesta (500 km in diameter)-account for half the total mass. Assume that each of these three asteroids has a density of 3 g/cm3 and calculate their total mass. Multiply your result by 2 to obtain an estimate for the mass of the total asteroid belt. How does this compare with the mass of the Oort cloud?arrow_forwardIf a single asteroid 1 km in diameter were to fragment into large meteoroids 1 m in diameter, how many meteoroids would the asteroid yield? Assume the asteroid and meteoroids are spherical. (Note: The volume of a sphere = 43r3.)arrow_forwardSuppose a new primitive meteorite is discovered (sometime after it falls in a field of soybeans) and analysis reveals that it contains a trace of amino acids, all of which show the same rotational symmetry (unlike the Murchison meteorite). What might you conclude from this finding?arrow_forward
- Give at least two reasons today’s astronomers are so interested in the discovery of additional Earthapproaching asteroids.arrow_forwardWhy do astronomers conclude that asteroids were never part of a full-sized planet?arrow_forwardHow would studying the chemical composition of only the largest, brightest, and most easily observed asteroids yield potentially misleading information about asteroids in general? Why is this called a selection effect?arrow_forward
- Consider the differentiated meteorites. We think the irons are from the cores, the stony-irons are from the interfaces between mantles and cores, and the stones are from the mantles of their differentiated parent bodies. If these parent bodies were like Earth, what fraction of the meteorites would you expect to consist of irons, stony-irons, and stones? Is this consistent with the observed numbers of each? (Hint: You will need to look up what percent of the volume of Earth is taken up by its core, mantle, and crust.)arrow_forwardWhat is the evidence that suggests asteroids might have geologically active surfaces?arrow_forwardThe asteroid Hygiea has a mass of 8.67 x 1019 kg and an average radius of about 216 km (2.16 x 102 km). What is its escape velocity (in m/s)? (Hints: Use the formula for escape velocity, 2GM ; remember to convert units to m, kg, and s.) r e m/s Could you jump off the asteroid? Yes No Need Help? Read It Submit Answerarrow_forward
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