Microbiology: A Systems Approach
Microbiology: A Systems Approach
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259706615
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 19, Problem 2CTQ
Summary Introduction

To describe:

The causative agent and mode of transmission behind the multistate meningitis outbreak linked to steroid injections occurred in 2012.

Concept introduction:

Meningitis is the inflammation of meninges, three protective layers of the nervous system. Bacteria cause most serious forms of meningitis. It is facilitated by the previous infection with respiratory viruses. Some forms of meningitis are also caused by viruses.

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

The way through which improper chemical and physical control played a major role in the outbreak.

Concept introduction:

In 2012, several cases of culture-free meningitis were reported and all of them had received epidural steroid injection which was compounded with preservative-free methylprednisolone acetate solution at New England Compounding Center.

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

Whether portal of entry plays any role in the spread of meningitis.

Concept introduction:

In 2012, meningitis outbreak sickened over 800 people and caused the death of 76 people. It was found that these individuals received epidural injections of steroids which were prepared in the New England Compounding Center.

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✓ Details Draw a protein that is embedded in a membrane (a transmembrane protein), label the lipid bilayer and the protein. Identify the areas of the lipid bilayer that are hydrophobic and hydrophilic. Draw a membrane with two transporters: a proton pump transporter that uses ATP to generate a proton gradient, and a second transporter that moves glucose by secondary active transport (cartoon-like is ok). It will be important to show protons moving in the correct direction, and that the transporter that is powered by secondary active transport is logically related to the proton pump.
drawing chemical structure of ATP. please draw in and label whats asked. Thank you.
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