Journal entries- The business runs with the transactions it makes. Every transaction results in some outcome like the creation of asset, liability, income, loss, gain or expense. The debits and the credits are made on the basis of the rules of the accounting. To prepare: To prepare the journam entry.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Financial statement that provides a snapshot of an organization's financial position at a specific point in time. It summarizes a company's assets, liabilities, and shareholder's equity, detailing what the company owns, what it owes, and what is left over for its owners. The balance sheet serves as a crucial tool to assess the financial health and stability of a company, as well as to help management make informed decisions about its future investments and financial obligations.

Chapter 19, Problem 2APSA

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Journal entries-

The business runs with the transactions it makes. Every transaction results in some outcome like the creation of asset, liability, income, loss, gain or expense. The debits and the credits are made on the basis of the rules of the accounting.

To prepare:

To prepare the journam entry.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

S.No.	Accounts titles and Explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
(a)	Work in process inventory	28,800
	Raw materials inventory		28,800
	(To assign raw material inventory to job)

(b)	Work in process inventory	59,800
	Factory wages payable		59,800
	(To assign cost of direct labor to job)

(c)	Work in process inventory	119,600
	Factory overhead		119,600
	(To apply overhead at 200% of direct labor cost)

(d)	Factory overhead	5,600
	Raw materials inventory		5,600
	(To assign cost of indirect material to job)

(e)	Factory overhead	8,200
	Factory wages payable		8,200
	(To assign cost of indirect labour to job)

Explanation of Solution

Journal entries are explained as follows-(a) Work in process is a current asset and its increases so it is debited. Raw material inventory is a current asset and its balance decreases, so it is creditd.

Amount is calculated as follows-

Given,

Direct materials to Job 402 = $10,200
Direct materials to Job 404 = $18,600
Amount =Direct materials to Job 402+ Direct materials to Job 404Amount =10,200+18,600Amount =28,800

(b) Work in process is a current asset and its increases so it is debited. Factory wages are current liabilities and its balance increases to its credited.

Amount is calculated as follows-

Given,

Direct labor to Job 402 = $36,000
Direct labor to Job 404 = $23,800
Amount =Direct labor to Job 402+ Direct labor to Job 404Amount =36,000+23,800Amount =59,800

(c) Work in process is a current asset and its increases so it is debited. Factory overhead is an expense and its balance decreases, so it is credited.

Amount = Direct Labor*200%Amount =59,800*200%Amount =119,600

(d) Factory overhead is a cost so it is debited. Raw material inventory is an asset and its balance decreases, so it is credited.

(e) Factory overhead is a cost so it is debited. Factory wages payable is a liability and it is increasing so it is credited.

Conclusion:

Thus, the journal entries are prepared.

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Cost of goods sold -

Cost of goods sold can be defined as the total cost assigned to the goods that are sold during a period of time. It is calculated by summing up all the costs incurred starting from purchases till the process of manufacturing. Adjusting entries-

Adjusting entries are prepared to complete the financial statement of the company and to reflect the accrual method of accounting. Adjusting entries are prepared before issuance of financial statement.

Under or Over applied overhead-

Under or Over applied overhead- It is the difference between the actual and applied overhead.

If the actual overhead incurred is more than the overhead applied during a particular period, then it is a case of under-applied of overhead cost.

If the actual overhead incurred is less than the overhead applied during a particular period, then it is a case of over-applied of overhead cost.

To determine revised balance and to prepare the adjusting entry.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Factory Overhead
Particulars	Amount ($)	Particulars	Amount ($)
Beginning balance	115,000	Work in process inventory	119,600
Factory wages payable	8,200	Under applied overhead	9,200
Raw material inventory	5,600
Balance	128,800		128,800

Adjusting journal entry-

S.No.	Accounts titles and Explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
A.	Cost of goods sold	9,200
	Factory overhead		9,200
	(To assign cost of indirect labor to job)

Explanation of Solution

Under applied overhead balance is calculated as follows-

Total balance = Begiining balance+Factory wages payable+Raw material inventoryTotal balance =115,000+8,200+5,600Total balance =128,800 Underapplied overhead= Total balance−Work in process inventory Underapplied overhead=128,800−119,600 Underapplied overhead=9,200

Explanation for journal entry-

When overhead is under applied, the jobs are charged with less overhead than the actual and cost of goods sold will be charged with less overhead. Cost of goods is a cost and its balance increases, so it is debited and factory overhead is credited.

Conclusion:

Thus, overhead is under applied by $9,200.

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Trial balance-

Trial balance is an accounting statement which contains all debit and credit balances of the ledger accounts in which transactions have been posted during a period. It is prepared to check the arithmetical accuracy of transactions.

To prepare:

To prepare trial balance.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Revised trial balance

Particulars	Debit (Amount $)	Credit (Amount $)
Cash	170,000
Account receivable	75,000
Raw material inventory	45,600
Work in process inventory	208,200
Finished goods inventory	15,000
Prepaid rent	3,000
Factory wages payable		68,000
Accounts payable		17,000
Notes payable		25,000
Common stock		50,000
Retained earnings		271,000
Sales		373,000
Cost of goods sold	227,200
Operating expenses	60,000
Total	804,000	804,000

Explanation of Solution

Total of debit side is calculated as follows-

Total of debit side =Cash+Account receivable+ Raw material inventory+ Work in process inventory + Finished goods inventory+ Cost of goods sold+ Operating expenses Total of debit side=170,000+75,000+45,600+208,200+15,000+3,000+227,200+60,000Total of debit side =804,000

Total of credit side is calculated as follows-

Total of credit side=Factory wages payable+Accounts payable+ Notes payable+ Common stock+ Retained earnings+ SalesTotal of credit side=68,000+17,000+25,000+50,000+271,000+373,000Total of credit side=804,000

Conclusion:

Thus, revised trial balance is prepared.

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Income statement-

Income statement refers to the financial statement that evaluates the financial performance of the company. It shows the expenses, revenues and net income of a firm over specific period of time. Therefore evaluation of financial performance can be undertaken by identifying the revenues and expenses incurred by the business through both non-operating and operating activities.

Balance sheet-

Balance sheet is a statement which shows the financial position of the company at a particular date. The balance sheet explains about the company's assets and also explains how these assets are being financed. Assets are usually financed either through debt or equity. So, balance sheet gives the clear picture of company's assets, liabilities and equity.

To prepare:

To prepare income statement and balance sheet.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Income statement
For the year ended 2019

Particulars	Amount ($)
Sales revenue	373,000
Less: Cost of goods sold	(227,200)
Gross profit	145,800
Less: Operating expense	(60,000)
Net income	85,800

Balance Sheet
As on December 31, 2019

Details	Amount ($)	Amount ($)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash	170,000
Accounts receivable	75,000
Raw material inventory	45,600
Work in process inventory	208,200
Finished goods inventory	15,000
Prepaid rent	3,000
Total Assets		516,800
Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity
Liabilities:
Factory wages payable	68,000
Accounts payable	17,000
Notes payable	25,000
Total liabilities		110,000
Stockholder's Equity:
Common stock	50,000
Retained earnings	356,800	406,800
Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity		516,800

Explanation of Solution

Income Statement

Gross profit = Net income – Cost of goods soldGross profit =373,000−227,200Gross profit =145,800

Net income = Gross profit−Operating expensesNet income =145,800−60,000Net income =85,800

Balance sheet

Assets-

Assets=Cash+Accounts receivable+Raw material inventory+Work in process inventory +Finished goods inventory+Prepaid rent Assets=170,000+75,000+45,600+208,200+15,000+3,000Assets=516,800

Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity-

Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=Liabilities+ Stockholder's EquityTotal Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity= Factory wages payable+ Accounts payable+ Notes payable+ Common stock+ Retained earningsTotal Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=68,000+17,000+25,000+50,000+356,800Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=110,000+406,800Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=516,800

Conclusion:

Thus, Income statement and balance sheet is prepared.

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Income statement-

Income statement refers to the financial statement that evaluates the financial performance of the company. It shows the expenses, revenues and net income of a firm over specific period of time. Therefore evaluation of financial performance can be undertaken by identifying the revenues and expenses incurred by the business through both non-operating and operating activities.

Balance sheet-

Balance sheet is a statement which shows the financial position of the company at a particular date. The balance sheet explains about the company's assets and also explains how these assets are being financed. Assets are usually financed either through debt or equity. So, balance sheet gives the clear picture of company's assets, liabilities and equity.

To Analyse-

To analyse the impact of errors.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Impact on Income statement-

If direct material of $5,600 is treated as indirect materail, cost of goods sold in income statement will increase and income earned by the entity decreases.

Imapct on Balance sheet-

If direct material of $5,600 is treated as indirect material, Retained earnings as per balance sheet decreases.

Explanation of Solution

Answer is explained above.

Conclusion:

Thus, Impact of error on income statement and balance sheet is analysed.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Financial statement that provides a snapshot of an organization's financial position at a specific point in time. It summarizes a company's assets, liabilities, and shareholder's equity, detailing what the company owns, what it owes, and what is left over for its owners. The balance sheet serves as a crucial tool to assess the financial health and stability of a company, as well as to help management make informed decisions about its future investments and financial obligations.

Chapter 19, Problem 2APSA

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Journal entries-

The business runs with the transactions it makes. Every transaction results in some outcome like the creation of asset, liability, income, loss, gain or expense. The debits and the credits are made on the basis of the rules of the accounting.

To prepare:

To prepare the journam entry.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

S.No.	Accounts titles and Explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
(a)	Work in process inventory	28,800
	Raw materials inventory		28,800
	(To assign raw material inventory to job)

(b)	Work in process inventory	59,800
	Factory wages payable		59,800
	(To assign cost of direct labor to job)

(c)	Work in process inventory	119,600
	Factory overhead		119,600
	(To apply overhead at 200% of direct labor cost)

(d)	Factory overhead	5,600
	Raw materials inventory		5,600
	(To assign cost of indirect material to job)

(e)	Factory overhead	8,200
	Factory wages payable		8,200
	(To assign cost of indirect labour to job)

Explanation of Solution

Journal entries are explained as follows-(a) Work in process is a current asset and its increases so it is debited. Raw material inventory is a current asset and its balance decreases, so it is creditd.

Amount is calculated as follows-

Given,

Direct materials to Job 402 = $10,200
Direct materials to Job 404 = $18,600
Amount =Direct materials to Job 402+ Direct materials to Job 404Amount =10,200+18,600Amount =28,800

(b) Work in process is a current asset and its increases so it is debited. Factory wages are current liabilities and its balance increases to its credited.

Amount is calculated as follows-

Given,

Direct labor to Job 402 = $36,000
Direct labor to Job 404 = $23,800
Amount =Direct labor to Job 402+ Direct labor to Job 404Amount =36,000+23,800Amount =59,800

(c) Work in process is a current asset and its increases so it is debited. Factory overhead is an expense and its balance decreases, so it is credited.

Amount = Direct Labor*200%Amount =59,800*200%Amount =119,600

(d) Factory overhead is a cost so it is debited. Raw material inventory is an asset and its balance decreases, so it is credited.

(e) Factory overhead is a cost so it is debited. Factory wages payable is a liability and it is increasing so it is credited.

Conclusion:

Thus, the journal entries are prepared.

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Cost of goods sold -

Cost of goods sold can be defined as the total cost assigned to the goods that are sold during a period of time. It is calculated by summing up all the costs incurred starting from purchases till the process of manufacturing. Adjusting entries-

Adjusting entries are prepared to complete the financial statement of the company and to reflect the accrual method of accounting. Adjusting entries are prepared before issuance of financial statement.

Under or Over applied overhead-

Under or Over applied overhead- It is the difference between the actual and applied overhead.

If the actual overhead incurred is more than the overhead applied during a particular period, then it is a case of under-applied of overhead cost.

If the actual overhead incurred is less than the overhead applied during a particular period, then it is a case of over-applied of overhead cost.

To determine revised balance and to prepare the adjusting entry.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Factory Overhead
Particulars	Amount ($)	Particulars	Amount ($)
Beginning balance	115,000	Work in process inventory	119,600
Factory wages payable	8,200	Under applied overhead	9,200
Raw material inventory	5,600
Balance	128,800		128,800

Adjusting journal entry-

S.No.	Accounts titles and Explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
A.	Cost of goods sold	9,200
	Factory overhead		9,200
	(To assign cost of indirect labor to job)

Explanation of Solution

Under applied overhead balance is calculated as follows-

Total balance = Begiining balance+Factory wages payable+Raw material inventoryTotal balance =115,000+8,200+5,600Total balance =128,800 Underapplied overhead= Total balance−Work in process inventory Underapplied overhead=128,800−119,600 Underapplied overhead=9,200

Explanation for journal entry-

When overhead is under applied, the jobs are charged with less overhead than the actual and cost of goods sold will be charged with less overhead. Cost of goods is a cost and its balance increases, so it is debited and factory overhead is credited.

Conclusion:

Thus, overhead is under applied by $9,200.

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Trial balance-

Trial balance is an accounting statement which contains all debit and credit balances of the ledger accounts in which transactions have been posted during a period. It is prepared to check the arithmetical accuracy of transactions.

To prepare:

To prepare trial balance.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Revised trial balance

Particulars	Debit (Amount $)	Credit (Amount $)
Cash	170,000
Account receivable	75,000
Raw material inventory	45,600
Work in process inventory	208,200
Finished goods inventory	15,000
Prepaid rent	3,000
Factory wages payable		68,000
Accounts payable		17,000
Notes payable		25,000
Common stock		50,000
Retained earnings		271,000
Sales		373,000
Cost of goods sold	227,200
Operating expenses	60,000
Total	804,000	804,000

Explanation of Solution

Total of debit side is calculated as follows-

Total of debit side =Cash+Account receivable+ Raw material inventory+ Work in process inventory + Finished goods inventory+ Cost of goods sold+ Operating expenses Total of debit side=170,000+75,000+45,600+208,200+15,000+3,000+227,200+60,000Total of debit side =804,000

Total of credit side is calculated as follows-

Total of credit side=Factory wages payable+Accounts payable+ Notes payable+ Common stock+ Retained earnings+ SalesTotal of credit side=68,000+17,000+25,000+50,000+271,000+373,000Total of credit side=804,000

Conclusion:

Thus, revised trial balance is prepared.

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Income statement-

Income statement refers to the financial statement that evaluates the financial performance of the company. It shows the expenses, revenues and net income of a firm over specific period of time. Therefore evaluation of financial performance can be undertaken by identifying the revenues and expenses incurred by the business through both non-operating and operating activities.

Balance sheet-

Balance sheet is a statement which shows the financial position of the company at a particular date. The balance sheet explains about the company's assets and also explains how these assets are being financed. Assets are usually financed either through debt or equity. So, balance sheet gives the clear picture of company's assets, liabilities and equity.

To prepare:

To prepare income statement and balance sheet.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Income statement
For the year ended 2019

Particulars	Amount ($)
Sales revenue	373,000
Less: Cost of goods sold	(227,200)
Gross profit	145,800
Less: Operating expense	(60,000)
Net income	85,800

Balance Sheet
As on December 31, 2019

Details	Amount ($)	Amount ($)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash	170,000
Accounts receivable	75,000
Raw material inventory	45,600
Work in process inventory	208,200
Finished goods inventory	15,000
Prepaid rent	3,000
Total Assets		516,800
Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity
Liabilities:
Factory wages payable	68,000
Accounts payable	17,000
Notes payable	25,000
Total liabilities		110,000
Stockholder's Equity:
Common stock	50,000
Retained earnings	356,800	406,800
Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity		516,800

Explanation of Solution

Income Statement

Gross profit = Net income – Cost of goods soldGross profit =373,000−227,200Gross profit =145,800

Net income = Gross profit−Operating expensesNet income =145,800−60,000Net income =85,800

Balance sheet

Assets-

Assets=Cash+Accounts receivable+Raw material inventory+Work in process inventory +Finished goods inventory+Prepaid rent Assets=170,000+75,000+45,600+208,200+15,000+3,000Assets=516,800

Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity-

Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=Liabilities+ Stockholder's EquityTotal Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity= Factory wages payable+ Accounts payable+ Notes payable+ Common stock+ Retained earningsTotal Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=68,000+17,000+25,000+50,000+356,800Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=110,000+406,800Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=516,800

Conclusion:

Thus, Income statement and balance sheet is prepared.

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Income statement-

Income statement refers to the financial statement that evaluates the financial performance of the company. It shows the expenses, revenues and net income of a firm over specific period of time. Therefore evaluation of financial performance can be undertaken by identifying the revenues and expenses incurred by the business through both non-operating and operating activities.

Balance sheet-

Balance sheet is a statement which shows the financial position of the company at a particular date. The balance sheet explains about the company's assets and also explains how these assets are being financed. Assets are usually financed either through debt or equity. So, balance sheet gives the clear picture of company's assets, liabilities and equity.

To Analyse-

To analyse the impact of errors.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Impact on Income statement-

If direct material of $5,600 is treated as indirect materail, cost of goods sold in income statement will increase and income earned by the entity decreases.

Imapct on Balance sheet-

If direct material of $5,600 is treated as indirect material, Retained earnings as per balance sheet decreases.

Explanation of Solution

Answer is explained above.

Conclusion:

Thus, Impact of error on income statement and balance sheet is analysed.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Financial statement that provides a snapshot of an organization's financial position at a specific point in time. It summarizes a company's assets, liabilities, and shareholder's equity, detailing what the company owns, what it owes, and what is left over for its owners. The balance sheet serves as a crucial tool to assess the financial health and stability of a company, as well as to help management make informed decisions about its future investments and financial obligations.

Chapter 19, Problem 2APSA

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Journal entries-

The business runs with the transactions it makes. Every transaction results in some outcome like the creation of asset, liability, income, loss, gain or expense. The debits and the credits are made on the basis of the rules of the accounting.

To prepare:

To prepare the journam entry.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

S.No.	Accounts titles and Explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
(a)	Work in process inventory	28,800
	Raw materials inventory		28,800
	(To assign raw material inventory to job)

(b)	Work in process inventory	59,800
	Factory wages payable		59,800
	(To assign cost of direct labor to job)

(c)	Work in process inventory	119,600
	Factory overhead		119,600
	(To apply overhead at 200% of direct labor cost)

(d)	Factory overhead	5,600
	Raw materials inventory		5,600
	(To assign cost of indirect material to job)

(e)	Factory overhead	8,200
	Factory wages payable		8,200
	(To assign cost of indirect labour to job)

Explanation of Solution

Journal entries are explained as follows-(a) Work in process is a current asset and its increases so it is debited. Raw material inventory is a current asset and its balance decreases, so it is creditd.

Amount is calculated as follows-

Given,

Direct materials to Job 402 = $10,200
Direct materials to Job 404 = $18,600
Amount =Direct materials to Job 402+ Direct materials to Job 404Amount =10,200+18,600Amount =28,800

(b) Work in process is a current asset and its increases so it is debited. Factory wages are current liabilities and its balance increases to its credited.

Amount is calculated as follows-

Given,

Direct labor to Job 402 = $36,000
Direct labor to Job 404 = $23,800
Amount =Direct labor to Job 402+ Direct labor to Job 404Amount =36,000+23,800Amount =59,800

(c) Work in process is a current asset and its increases so it is debited. Factory overhead is an expense and its balance decreases, so it is credited.

Amount = Direct Labor*200%Amount =59,800*200%Amount =119,600

(d) Factory overhead is a cost so it is debited. Raw material inventory is an asset and its balance decreases, so it is credited.

(e) Factory overhead is a cost so it is debited. Factory wages payable is a liability and it is increasing so it is credited.

Conclusion:

Thus, the journal entries are prepared.

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Cost of goods sold -

Cost of goods sold can be defined as the total cost assigned to the goods that are sold during a period of time. It is calculated by summing up all the costs incurred starting from purchases till the process of manufacturing. Adjusting entries-

Adjusting entries are prepared to complete the financial statement of the company and to reflect the accrual method of accounting. Adjusting entries are prepared before issuance of financial statement.

Under or Over applied overhead-

Under or Over applied overhead- It is the difference between the actual and applied overhead.

If the actual overhead incurred is more than the overhead applied during a particular period, then it is a case of under-applied of overhead cost.

If the actual overhead incurred is less than the overhead applied during a particular period, then it is a case of over-applied of overhead cost.

To determine revised balance and to prepare the adjusting entry.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Factory Overhead
Particulars	Amount ($)	Particulars	Amount ($)
Beginning balance	115,000	Work in process inventory	119,600
Factory wages payable	8,200	Under applied overhead	9,200
Raw material inventory	5,600
Balance	128,800		128,800

Adjusting journal entry-

S.No.	Accounts titles and Explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
A.	Cost of goods sold	9,200
	Factory overhead		9,200
	(To assign cost of indirect labor to job)

Explanation of Solution

Under applied overhead balance is calculated as follows-

Total balance = Begiining balance+Factory wages payable+Raw material inventoryTotal balance =115,000+8,200+5,600Total balance =128,800 Underapplied overhead= Total balance−Work in process inventory Underapplied overhead=128,800−119,600 Underapplied overhead=9,200

Explanation for journal entry-

When overhead is under applied, the jobs are charged with less overhead than the actual and cost of goods sold will be charged with less overhead. Cost of goods is a cost and its balance increases, so it is debited and factory overhead is credited.

Conclusion:

Thus, overhead is under applied by $9,200.

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Trial balance-

Trial balance is an accounting statement which contains all debit and credit balances of the ledger accounts in which transactions have been posted during a period. It is prepared to check the arithmetical accuracy of transactions.

To prepare:

To prepare trial balance.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Revised trial balance

Particulars	Debit (Amount $)	Credit (Amount $)
Cash	170,000
Account receivable	75,000
Raw material inventory	45,600
Work in process inventory	208,200
Finished goods inventory	15,000
Prepaid rent	3,000
Factory wages payable		68,000
Accounts payable		17,000
Notes payable		25,000
Common stock		50,000
Retained earnings		271,000
Sales		373,000
Cost of goods sold	227,200
Operating expenses	60,000
Total	804,000	804,000

Explanation of Solution

Total of debit side is calculated as follows-

Total of debit side =Cash+Account receivable+ Raw material inventory+ Work in process inventory + Finished goods inventory+ Cost of goods sold+ Operating expenses Total of debit side=170,000+75,000+45,600+208,200+15,000+3,000+227,200+60,000Total of debit side =804,000

Total of credit side is calculated as follows-

Total of credit side=Factory wages payable+Accounts payable+ Notes payable+ Common stock+ Retained earnings+ SalesTotal of credit side=68,000+17,000+25,000+50,000+271,000+373,000Total of credit side=804,000

Conclusion:

Thus, revised trial balance is prepared.

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Income statement-

Income statement refers to the financial statement that evaluates the financial performance of the company. It shows the expenses, revenues and net income of a firm over specific period of time. Therefore evaluation of financial performance can be undertaken by identifying the revenues and expenses incurred by the business through both non-operating and operating activities.

Balance sheet-

Balance sheet is a statement which shows the financial position of the company at a particular date. The balance sheet explains about the company's assets and also explains how these assets are being financed. Assets are usually financed either through debt or equity. So, balance sheet gives the clear picture of company's assets, liabilities and equity.

To prepare:

To prepare income statement and balance sheet.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Income statement
For the year ended 2019

Particulars	Amount ($)
Sales revenue	373,000
Less: Cost of goods sold	(227,200)
Gross profit	145,800
Less: Operating expense	(60,000)
Net income	85,800

Balance Sheet
As on December 31, 2019

Details	Amount ($)	Amount ($)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash	170,000
Accounts receivable	75,000
Raw material inventory	45,600
Work in process inventory	208,200
Finished goods inventory	15,000
Prepaid rent	3,000
Total Assets		516,800
Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity
Liabilities:
Factory wages payable	68,000
Accounts payable	17,000
Notes payable	25,000
Total liabilities		110,000
Stockholder's Equity:
Common stock	50,000
Retained earnings	356,800	406,800
Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity		516,800

Explanation of Solution

Income Statement

Gross profit = Net income – Cost of goods soldGross profit =373,000−227,200Gross profit =145,800

Net income = Gross profit−Operating expensesNet income =145,800−60,000Net income =85,800

Balance sheet

Assets-

Assets=Cash+Accounts receivable+Raw material inventory+Work in process inventory +Finished goods inventory+Prepaid rent Assets=170,000+75,000+45,600+208,200+15,000+3,000Assets=516,800

Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity-

Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=Liabilities+ Stockholder's EquityTotal Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity= Factory wages payable+ Accounts payable+ Notes payable+ Common stock+ Retained earningsTotal Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=68,000+17,000+25,000+50,000+356,800Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=110,000+406,800Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=516,800

Conclusion:

Thus, Income statement and balance sheet is prepared.

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Income statement-

Income statement refers to the financial statement that evaluates the financial performance of the company. It shows the expenses, revenues and net income of a firm over specific period of time. Therefore evaluation of financial performance can be undertaken by identifying the revenues and expenses incurred by the business through both non-operating and operating activities.

Balance sheet-

Balance sheet is a statement which shows the financial position of the company at a particular date. The balance sheet explains about the company's assets and also explains how these assets are being financed. Assets are usually financed either through debt or equity. So, balance sheet gives the clear picture of company's assets, liabilities and equity.

To Analyse-

To analyse the impact of errors.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Impact on Income statement-

If direct material of $5,600 is treated as indirect materail, cost of goods sold in income statement will increase and income earned by the entity decreases.

Imapct on Balance sheet-

If direct material of $5,600 is treated as indirect material, Retained earnings as per balance sheet decreases.

Explanation of Solution

Answer is explained above.

Conclusion:

Thus, Impact of error on income statement and balance sheet is analysed.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Financial statement that provides a snapshot of an organization's financial position at a specific point in time. It summarizes a company's assets, liabilities, and shareholder's equity, detailing what the company owns, what it owes, and what is left over for its owners. The balance sheet serves as a crucial tool to assess the financial health and stability of a company, as well as to help management make informed decisions about its future investments and financial obligations.

Chapter 19, Problem 2APSA

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Journal entries-

The business runs with the transactions it makes. Every transaction results in some outcome like the creation of asset, liability, income, loss, gain or expense. The debits and the credits are made on the basis of the rules of the accounting.

To prepare:

To prepare the journam entry.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

S.No.	Accounts titles and Explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
(a)	Work in process inventory	28,800
	Raw materials inventory		28,800
	(To assign raw material inventory to job)

(b)	Work in process inventory	59,800
	Factory wages payable		59,800
	(To assign cost of direct labor to job)

(c)	Work in process inventory	119,600
	Factory overhead		119,600
	(To apply overhead at 200% of direct labor cost)

(d)	Factory overhead	5,600
	Raw materials inventory		5,600
	(To assign cost of indirect material to job)

(e)	Factory overhead	8,200
	Factory wages payable		8,200
	(To assign cost of indirect labour to job)

Explanation of Solution

Journal entries are explained as follows-(a) Work in process is a current asset and its increases so it is debited. Raw material inventory is a current asset and its balance decreases, so it is creditd.

Amount is calculated as follows-

Given,

Direct materials to Job 402 = $10,200
Direct materials to Job 404 = $18,600
Amount =Direct materials to Job 402+ Direct materials to Job 404Amount =10,200+18,600Amount =28,800

(b) Work in process is a current asset and its increases so it is debited. Factory wages are current liabilities and its balance increases to its credited.

Amount is calculated as follows-

Given,

Direct labor to Job 402 = $36,000
Direct labor to Job 404 = $23,800
Amount =Direct labor to Job 402+ Direct labor to Job 404Amount =36,000+23,800Amount =59,800

(c) Work in process is a current asset and its increases so it is debited. Factory overhead is an expense and its balance decreases, so it is credited.

Amount = Direct Labor*200%Amount =59,800*200%Amount =119,600

(d) Factory overhead is a cost so it is debited. Raw material inventory is an asset and its balance decreases, so it is credited.

(e) Factory overhead is a cost so it is debited. Factory wages payable is a liability and it is increasing so it is credited.

Conclusion:

Thus, the journal entries are prepared.

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Cost of goods sold -

Cost of goods sold can be defined as the total cost assigned to the goods that are sold during a period of time. It is calculated by summing up all the costs incurred starting from purchases till the process of manufacturing. Adjusting entries-

Adjusting entries are prepared to complete the financial statement of the company and to reflect the accrual method of accounting. Adjusting entries are prepared before issuance of financial statement.

Under or Over applied overhead-

Under or Over applied overhead- It is the difference between the actual and applied overhead.

If the actual overhead incurred is more than the overhead applied during a particular period, then it is a case of under-applied of overhead cost.

If the actual overhead incurred is less than the overhead applied during a particular period, then it is a case of over-applied of overhead cost.

To determine revised balance and to prepare the adjusting entry.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Factory Overhead
Particulars	Amount ($)	Particulars	Amount ($)
Beginning balance	115,000	Work in process inventory	119,600
Factory wages payable	8,200	Under applied overhead	9,200
Raw material inventory	5,600
Balance	128,800		128,800

Adjusting journal entry-

S.No.	Accounts titles and Explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
A.	Cost of goods sold	9,200
	Factory overhead		9,200
	(To assign cost of indirect labor to job)

Explanation of Solution

Under applied overhead balance is calculated as follows-

Total balance = Begiining balance+Factory wages payable+Raw material inventoryTotal balance =115,000+8,200+5,600Total balance =128,800 Underapplied overhead= Total balance−Work in process inventory Underapplied overhead=128,800−119,600 Underapplied overhead=9,200

Explanation for journal entry-

When overhead is under applied, the jobs are charged with less overhead than the actual and cost of goods sold will be charged with less overhead. Cost of goods is a cost and its balance increases, so it is debited and factory overhead is credited.

Conclusion:

Thus, overhead is under applied by $9,200.

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Trial balance-

Trial balance is an accounting statement which contains all debit and credit balances of the ledger accounts in which transactions have been posted during a period. It is prepared to check the arithmetical accuracy of transactions.

To prepare:

To prepare trial balance.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Revised trial balance

Particulars	Debit (Amount $)	Credit (Amount $)
Cash	170,000
Account receivable	75,000
Raw material inventory	45,600
Work in process inventory	208,200
Finished goods inventory	15,000
Prepaid rent	3,000
Factory wages payable		68,000
Accounts payable		17,000
Notes payable		25,000
Common stock		50,000
Retained earnings		271,000
Sales		373,000
Cost of goods sold	227,200
Operating expenses	60,000
Total	804,000	804,000

Explanation of Solution

Total of debit side is calculated as follows-

Total of debit side =Cash+Account receivable+ Raw material inventory+ Work in process inventory + Finished goods inventory+ Cost of goods sold+ Operating expenses Total of debit side=170,000+75,000+45,600+208,200+15,000+3,000+227,200+60,000Total of debit side =804,000

Total of credit side is calculated as follows-

Total of credit side=Factory wages payable+Accounts payable+ Notes payable+ Common stock+ Retained earnings+ SalesTotal of credit side=68,000+17,000+25,000+50,000+271,000+373,000Total of credit side=804,000

Conclusion:

Thus, revised trial balance is prepared.

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Income statement-

Income statement refers to the financial statement that evaluates the financial performance of the company. It shows the expenses, revenues and net income of a firm over specific period of time. Therefore evaluation of financial performance can be undertaken by identifying the revenues and expenses incurred by the business through both non-operating and operating activities.

Balance sheet-

Balance sheet is a statement which shows the financial position of the company at a particular date. The balance sheet explains about the company's assets and also explains how these assets are being financed. Assets are usually financed either through debt or equity. So, balance sheet gives the clear picture of company's assets, liabilities and equity.

To prepare:

To prepare income statement and balance sheet.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Income statement
For the year ended 2019

Particulars	Amount ($)
Sales revenue	373,000
Less: Cost of goods sold	(227,200)
Gross profit	145,800
Less: Operating expense	(60,000)
Net income	85,800

Balance Sheet
As on December 31, 2019

Details	Amount ($)	Amount ($)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash	170,000
Accounts receivable	75,000
Raw material inventory	45,600
Work in process inventory	208,200
Finished goods inventory	15,000
Prepaid rent	3,000
Total Assets		516,800
Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity
Liabilities:
Factory wages payable	68,000
Accounts payable	17,000
Notes payable	25,000
Total liabilities		110,000
Stockholder's Equity:
Common stock	50,000
Retained earnings	356,800	406,800
Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity		516,800

Explanation of Solution

Income Statement

Gross profit = Net income – Cost of goods soldGross profit =373,000−227,200Gross profit =145,800

Net income = Gross profit−Operating expensesNet income =145,800−60,000Net income =85,800

Balance sheet

Assets-

Assets=Cash+Accounts receivable+Raw material inventory+Work in process inventory +Finished goods inventory+Prepaid rent Assets=170,000+75,000+45,600+208,200+15,000+3,000Assets=516,800

Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity-

Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=Liabilities+ Stockholder's EquityTotal Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity= Factory wages payable+ Accounts payable+ Notes payable+ Common stock+ Retained earningsTotal Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=68,000+17,000+25,000+50,000+356,800Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=110,000+406,800Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=516,800

Conclusion:

Thus, Income statement and balance sheet is prepared.

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Income statement-

Income statement refers to the financial statement that evaluates the financial performance of the company. It shows the expenses, revenues and net income of a firm over specific period of time. Therefore evaluation of financial performance can be undertaken by identifying the revenues and expenses incurred by the business through both non-operating and operating activities.

Balance sheet-

Balance sheet is a statement which shows the financial position of the company at a particular date. The balance sheet explains about the company's assets and also explains how these assets are being financed. Assets are usually financed either through debt or equity. So, balance sheet gives the clear picture of company's assets, liabilities and equity.

To Analyse-

To analyse the impact of errors.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Impact on Income statement-

If direct material of $5,600 is treated as indirect materail, cost of goods sold in income statement will increase and income earned by the entity decreases.

Imapct on Balance sheet-

If direct material of $5,600 is treated as indirect material, Retained earnings as per balance sheet decreases.

Explanation of Solution

Answer is explained above.

Conclusion:

Thus, Impact of error on income statement and balance sheet is analysed.

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Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 2APSA

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Journal entries-

The business runs with the transactions it makes. Every transaction results in some outcome like the creation of asset, liability, income, loss, gain or expense. The debits and the credits are made on the basis of the rules of the accounting.

To prepare:

To prepare the journam entry.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

S.No.	Accounts titles and Explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
(a)	Work in process inventory	28,800
	Raw materials inventory		28,800
	(To assign raw material inventory to job)

(b)	Work in process inventory	59,800
	Factory wages payable		59,800
	(To assign cost of direct labor to job)

(c)	Work in process inventory	119,600
	Factory overhead		119,600
	(To apply overhead at 200% of direct labor cost)

(d)	Factory overhead	5,600
	Raw materials inventory		5,600
	(To assign cost of indirect material to job)

(e)	Factory overhead	8,200
	Factory wages payable		8,200
	(To assign cost of indirect labour to job)

Explanation of Solution

Journal entries are explained as follows-(a) Work in process is a current asset and its increases so it is debited. Raw material inventory is a current asset and its balance decreases, so it is creditd.

Amount is calculated as follows-

Given,

Direct materials to Job 402 = $10,200
Direct materials to Job 404 = $18,600
Amount =Direct materials to Job 402+ Direct materials to Job 404Amount =10,200+18,600Amount =28,800

(b) Work in process is a current asset and its increases so it is debited. Factory wages are current liabilities and its balance increases to its credited.

Amount is calculated as follows-

Given,

Direct labor to Job 402 = $36,000
Direct labor to Job 404 = $23,800
Amount =Direct labor to Job 402+ Direct labor to Job 404Amount =36,000+23,800Amount =59,800

(c) Work in process is a current asset and its increases so it is debited. Factory overhead is an expense and its balance decreases, so it is credited.

Amount = Direct Labor*200%Amount =59,800*200%Amount =119,600

(d) Factory overhead is a cost so it is debited. Raw material inventory is an asset and its balance decreases, so it is credited.

(e) Factory overhead is a cost so it is debited. Factory wages payable is a liability and it is increasing so it is credited.

Conclusion:

Thus, the journal entries are prepared.

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Cost of goods sold -

Cost of goods sold can be defined as the total cost assigned to the goods that are sold during a period of time. It is calculated by summing up all the costs incurred starting from purchases till the process of manufacturing. Adjusting entries-

Adjusting entries are prepared to complete the financial statement of the company and to reflect the accrual method of accounting. Adjusting entries are prepared before issuance of financial statement.

Under or Over applied overhead-

Under or Over applied overhead- It is the difference between the actual and applied overhead.

If the actual overhead incurred is more than the overhead applied during a particular period, then it is a case of under-applied of overhead cost.

If the actual overhead incurred is less than the overhead applied during a particular period, then it is a case of over-applied of overhead cost.

To determine revised balance and to prepare the adjusting entry.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Factory Overhead
Particulars	Amount ($)	Particulars	Amount ($)
Beginning balance	115,000	Work in process inventory	119,600
Factory wages payable	8,200	Under applied overhead	9,200
Raw material inventory	5,600
Balance	128,800		128,800

Adjusting journal entry-

S.No.	Accounts titles and Explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
A.	Cost of goods sold	9,200
	Factory overhead		9,200
	(To assign cost of indirect labor to job)

Explanation of Solution

Under applied overhead balance is calculated as follows-

Total balance = Begiining balance+Factory wages payable+Raw material inventoryTotal balance =115,000+8,200+5,600Total balance =128,800 Underapplied overhead= Total balance−Work in process inventory Underapplied overhead=128,800−119,600 Underapplied overhead=9,200

Explanation for journal entry-

When overhead is under applied, the jobs are charged with less overhead than the actual and cost of goods sold will be charged with less overhead. Cost of goods is a cost and its balance increases, so it is debited and factory overhead is credited.

Conclusion:

Thus, overhead is under applied by $9,200.

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Trial balance-

Trial balance is an accounting statement which contains all debit and credit balances of the ledger accounts in which transactions have been posted during a period. It is prepared to check the arithmetical accuracy of transactions.

To prepare:

To prepare trial balance.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Revised trial balance

Particulars	Debit (Amount $)	Credit (Amount $)
Cash	170,000
Account receivable	75,000
Raw material inventory	45,600
Work in process inventory	208,200
Finished goods inventory	15,000
Prepaid rent	3,000
Factory wages payable		68,000
Accounts payable		17,000
Notes payable		25,000
Common stock		50,000
Retained earnings		271,000
Sales		373,000
Cost of goods sold	227,200
Operating expenses	60,000
Total	804,000	804,000

Explanation of Solution

Total of debit side is calculated as follows-

Total of debit side =Cash+Account receivable+ Raw material inventory+ Work in process inventory + Finished goods inventory+ Cost of goods sold+ Operating expenses Total of debit side=170,000+75,000+45,600+208,200+15,000+3,000+227,200+60,000Total of debit side =804,000

Total of credit side is calculated as follows-

Total of credit side=Factory wages payable+Accounts payable+ Notes payable+ Common stock+ Retained earnings+ SalesTotal of credit side=68,000+17,000+25,000+50,000+271,000+373,000Total of credit side=804,000

Conclusion:

Thus, revised trial balance is prepared.

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Income statement-

Income statement refers to the financial statement that evaluates the financial performance of the company. It shows the expenses, revenues and net income of a firm over specific period of time. Therefore evaluation of financial performance can be undertaken by identifying the revenues and expenses incurred by the business through both non-operating and operating activities.

Balance sheet-

Balance sheet is a statement which shows the financial position of the company at a particular date. The balance sheet explains about the company's assets and also explains how these assets are being financed. Assets are usually financed either through debt or equity. So, balance sheet gives the clear picture of company's assets, liabilities and equity.

To prepare:

To prepare income statement and balance sheet.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Income statement
For the year ended 2019

Particulars	Amount ($)
Sales revenue	373,000
Less: Cost of goods sold	(227,200)
Gross profit	145,800
Less: Operating expense	(60,000)
Net income	85,800

Balance Sheet
As on December 31, 2019

Details	Amount ($)	Amount ($)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash	170,000
Accounts receivable	75,000
Raw material inventory	45,600
Work in process inventory	208,200
Finished goods inventory	15,000
Prepaid rent	3,000
Total Assets		516,800
Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity
Liabilities:
Factory wages payable	68,000
Accounts payable	17,000
Notes payable	25,000
Total liabilities		110,000
Stockholder's Equity:
Common stock	50,000
Retained earnings	356,800	406,800
Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity		516,800

Explanation of Solution

Income Statement

Gross profit = Net income – Cost of goods soldGross profit =373,000−227,200Gross profit =145,800

Net income = Gross profit−Operating expensesNet income =145,800−60,000Net income =85,800

Balance sheet

Assets-

Assets=Cash+Accounts receivable+Raw material inventory+Work in process inventory +Finished goods inventory+Prepaid rent Assets=170,000+75,000+45,600+208,200+15,000+3,000Assets=516,800

Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity-

Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=Liabilities+ Stockholder's EquityTotal Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity= Factory wages payable+ Accounts payable+ Notes payable+ Common stock+ Retained earningsTotal Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=68,000+17,000+25,000+50,000+356,800Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=110,000+406,800Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=516,800

Conclusion:

Thus, Income statement and balance sheet is prepared.

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Income statement-

Income statement refers to the financial statement that evaluates the financial performance of the company. It shows the expenses, revenues and net income of a firm over specific period of time. Therefore evaluation of financial performance can be undertaken by identifying the revenues and expenses incurred by the business through both non-operating and operating activities.

Balance sheet-

Balance sheet is a statement which shows the financial position of the company at a particular date. The balance sheet explains about the company's assets and also explains how these assets are being financed. Assets are usually financed either through debt or equity. So, balance sheet gives the clear picture of company's assets, liabilities and equity.

To Analyse-

To analyse the impact of errors.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Impact on Income statement-

If direct material of $5,600 is treated as indirect materail, cost of goods sold in income statement will increase and income earned by the entity decreases.

Imapct on Balance sheet-

If direct material of $5,600 is treated as indirect material, Retained earnings as per balance sheet decreases.

Explanation of Solution

Answer is explained above.

Conclusion:

Thus, Impact of error on income statement and balance sheet is analysed.

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 2APSA

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Journal entries-

The business runs with the transactions it makes. Every transaction results in some outcome like the creation of asset, liability, income, loss, gain or expense. The debits and the credits are made on the basis of the rules of the accounting.

To prepare:

To prepare the journam entry.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

S.No.	Accounts titles and Explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
(a)	Work in process inventory	28,800
	Raw materials inventory		28,800
	(To assign raw material inventory to job)

(b)	Work in process inventory	59,800
	Factory wages payable		59,800
	(To assign cost of direct labor to job)

(c)	Work in process inventory	119,600
	Factory overhead		119,600
	(To apply overhead at 200% of direct labor cost)

(d)	Factory overhead	5,600
	Raw materials inventory		5,600
	(To assign cost of indirect material to job)

(e)	Factory overhead	8,200
	Factory wages payable		8,200
	(To assign cost of indirect labour to job)

Explanation of Solution

Journal entries are explained as follows-(a) Work in process is a current asset and its increases so it is debited. Raw material inventory is a current asset and its balance decreases, so it is creditd.

Amount is calculated as follows-

Given,

Direct materials to Job 402 = $10,200
Direct materials to Job 404 = $18,600
Amount =Direct materials to Job 402+ Direct materials to Job 404Amount =10,200+18,600Amount =28,800

(b) Work in process is a current asset and its increases so it is debited. Factory wages are current liabilities and its balance increases to its credited.

Amount is calculated as follows-

Given,

Direct labor to Job 402 = $36,000
Direct labor to Job 404 = $23,800
Amount =Direct labor to Job 402+ Direct labor to Job 404Amount =36,000+23,800Amount =59,800

(c) Work in process is a current asset and its increases so it is debited. Factory overhead is an expense and its balance decreases, so it is credited.

Amount = Direct Labor*200%Amount =59,800*200%Amount =119,600

(d) Factory overhead is a cost so it is debited. Raw material inventory is an asset and its balance decreases, so it is credited.

(e) Factory overhead is a cost so it is debited. Factory wages payable is a liability and it is increasing so it is credited.

Conclusion:

Thus, the journal entries are prepared.

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 2APSA

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Journal entries-

The business runs with the transactions it makes. Every transaction results in some outcome like the creation of asset, liability, income, loss, gain or expense. The debits and the credits are made on the basis of the rules of the accounting.

To prepare:

To prepare the journam entry.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

S.No.	Accounts titles and Explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
(a)	Work in process inventory	28,800
	Raw materials inventory		28,800
	(To assign raw material inventory to job)

(b)	Work in process inventory	59,800
	Factory wages payable		59,800
	(To assign cost of direct labor to job)

(c)	Work in process inventory	119,600
	Factory overhead		119,600
	(To apply overhead at 200% of direct labor cost)

(d)	Factory overhead	5,600
	Raw materials inventory		5,600
	(To assign cost of indirect material to job)

(e)	Factory overhead	8,200
	Factory wages payable		8,200
	(To assign cost of indirect labour to job)

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

Journal entries are explained as follows-(a) Work in process is a current asset and its increases so it is debited. Raw material inventory is a current asset and its balance decreases, so it is creditd.

Amount is calculated as follows-

Given,

Direct materials to Job 402 = $10,200
Direct materials to Job 404 = $18,600
Amount =Direct materials to Job 402+ Direct materials to Job 404Amount =10,200+18,600Amount =28,800

(b) Work in process is a current asset and its increases so it is debited. Factory wages are current liabilities and its balance increases to its credited.

Amount is calculated as follows-

Given,

Direct labor to Job 402 = $36,000
Direct labor to Job 404 = $23,800
Amount =Direct labor to Job 402+ Direct labor to Job 404Amount =36,000+23,800Amount =59,800

(c) Work in process is a current asset and its increases so it is debited. Factory overhead is an expense and its balance decreases, so it is credited.

Amount = Direct Labor*200%Amount =59,800*200%Amount =119,600

(d) Factory overhead is a cost so it is debited. Raw material inventory is an asset and its balance decreases, so it is credited.

(e) Factory overhead is a cost so it is debited. Factory wages payable is a liability and it is increasing so it is credited.

Conclusion:

Thus, the journal entries are prepared.

Answer 13

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Cost of goods sold -

Cost of goods sold can be defined as the total cost assigned to the goods that are sold during a period of time. It is calculated by summing up all the costs incurred starting from purchases till the process of manufacturing. Adjusting entries-

Adjusting entries are prepared to complete the financial statement of the company and to reflect the accrual method of accounting. Adjusting entries are prepared before issuance of financial statement.

Under or Over applied overhead-

Under or Over applied overhead- It is the difference between the actual and applied overhead.

If the actual overhead incurred is more than the overhead applied during a particular period, then it is a case of under-applied of overhead cost.

If the actual overhead incurred is less than the overhead applied during a particular period, then it is a case of over-applied of overhead cost.

To determine revised balance and to prepare the adjusting entry.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Factory Overhead
Particulars	Amount ($)	Particulars	Amount ($)
Beginning balance	115,000	Work in process inventory	119,600
Factory wages payable	8,200	Under applied overhead	9,200
Raw material inventory	5,600
Balance	128,800		128,800

Adjusting journal entry-

S.No.	Accounts titles and Explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
A.	Cost of goods sold	9,200
	Factory overhead		9,200
	(To assign cost of indirect labor to job)

Explanation of Solution

Under applied overhead balance is calculated as follows-

Total balance = Begiining balance+Factory wages payable+Raw material inventoryTotal balance =115,000+8,200+5,600Total balance =128,800 Underapplied overhead= Total balance−Work in process inventory Underapplied overhead=128,800−119,600 Underapplied overhead=9,200

Explanation for journal entry-

When overhead is under applied, the jobs are charged with less overhead than the actual and cost of goods sold will be charged with less overhead. Cost of goods is a cost and its balance increases, so it is debited and factory overhead is credited.

Conclusion:

Thus, overhead is under applied by $9,200.

Answer 14

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Cost of goods sold -

Cost of goods sold can be defined as the total cost assigned to the goods that are sold during a period of time. It is calculated by summing up all the costs incurred starting from purchases till the process of manufacturing. Adjusting entries-

Adjusting entries are prepared to complete the financial statement of the company and to reflect the accrual method of accounting. Adjusting entries are prepared before issuance of financial statement.

Under or Over applied overhead-

Under or Over applied overhead- It is the difference between the actual and applied overhead.

If the actual overhead incurred is more than the overhead applied during a particular period, then it is a case of under-applied of overhead cost.

If the actual overhead incurred is less than the overhead applied during a particular period, then it is a case of over-applied of overhead cost.

To determine revised balance and to prepare the adjusting entry.

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Factory Overhead
Particulars	Amount ($)	Particulars	Amount ($)
Beginning balance	115,000	Work in process inventory	119,600
Factory wages payable	8,200	Under applied overhead	9,200
Raw material inventory	5,600
Balance	128,800		128,800

Adjusting journal entry-

S.No.	Accounts titles and Explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
A.	Cost of goods sold	9,200
	Factory overhead		9,200
	(To assign cost of indirect labor to job)

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

Under applied overhead balance is calculated as follows-

Total balance = Begiining balance+Factory wages payable+Raw material inventoryTotal balance =115,000+8,200+5,600Total balance =128,800 Underapplied overhead= Total balance−Work in process inventory Underapplied overhead=128,800−119,600 Underapplied overhead=9,200

Explanation for journal entry-

When overhead is under applied, the jobs are charged with less overhead than the actual and cost of goods sold will be charged with less overhead. Cost of goods is a cost and its balance increases, so it is debited and factory overhead is credited.

Conclusion:

Thus, overhead is under applied by $9,200.

Answer 20

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Trial balance-

Trial balance is an accounting statement which contains all debit and credit balances of the ledger accounts in which transactions have been posted during a period. It is prepared to check the arithmetical accuracy of transactions.

To prepare:

To prepare trial balance.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Revised trial balance

Particulars	Debit (Amount $)	Credit (Amount $)
Cash	170,000
Account receivable	75,000
Raw material inventory	45,600
Work in process inventory	208,200
Finished goods inventory	15,000
Prepaid rent	3,000
Factory wages payable		68,000
Accounts payable		17,000
Notes payable		25,000
Common stock		50,000
Retained earnings		271,000
Sales		373,000
Cost of goods sold	227,200
Operating expenses	60,000
Total	804,000	804,000

Explanation of Solution

Total of debit side is calculated as follows-

Total of debit side =Cash+Account receivable+ Raw material inventory+ Work in process inventory + Finished goods inventory+ Cost of goods sold+ Operating expenses Total of debit side=170,000+75,000+45,600+208,200+15,000+3,000+227,200+60,000Total of debit side =804,000

Total of credit side is calculated as follows-

Total of credit side=Factory wages payable+Accounts payable+ Notes payable+ Common stock+ Retained earnings+ SalesTotal of credit side=68,000+17,000+25,000+50,000+271,000+373,000Total of credit side=804,000

Conclusion:

Thus, revised trial balance is prepared.

Answer 21

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Trial balance-

Trial balance is an accounting statement which contains all debit and credit balances of the ledger accounts in which transactions have been posted during a period. It is prepared to check the arithmetical accuracy of transactions.

To prepare:

To prepare trial balance.

Answer 22

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Revised trial balance

Particulars	Debit (Amount $)	Credit (Amount $)
Cash	170,000
Account receivable	75,000
Raw material inventory	45,600
Work in process inventory	208,200
Finished goods inventory	15,000
Prepaid rent	3,000
Factory wages payable		68,000
Accounts payable		17,000
Notes payable		25,000
Common stock		50,000
Retained earnings		271,000
Sales		373,000
Cost of goods sold	227,200
Operating expenses	60,000
Total	804,000	804,000

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Explanation of Solution

Total of debit side is calculated as follows-

Total of debit side =Cash+Account receivable+ Raw material inventory+ Work in process inventory + Finished goods inventory+ Cost of goods sold+ Operating expenses Total of debit side=170,000+75,000+45,600+208,200+15,000+3,000+227,200+60,000Total of debit side =804,000

Total of credit side is calculated as follows-

Total of credit side=Factory wages payable+Accounts payable+ Notes payable+ Common stock+ Retained earnings+ SalesTotal of credit side=68,000+17,000+25,000+50,000+271,000+373,000Total of credit side=804,000

Conclusion:

Thus, revised trial balance is prepared.

Answer 27

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Income statement-

Income statement refers to the financial statement that evaluates the financial performance of the company. It shows the expenses, revenues and net income of a firm over specific period of time. Therefore evaluation of financial performance can be undertaken by identifying the revenues and expenses incurred by the business through both non-operating and operating activities.

Balance sheet-

Balance sheet is a statement which shows the financial position of the company at a particular date. The balance sheet explains about the company's assets and also explains how these assets are being financed. Assets are usually financed either through debt or equity. So, balance sheet gives the clear picture of company's assets, liabilities and equity.

To prepare:

To prepare income statement and balance sheet.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Income statement
For the year ended 2019

Particulars	Amount ($)
Sales revenue	373,000
Less: Cost of goods sold	(227,200)
Gross profit	145,800
Less: Operating expense	(60,000)
Net income	85,800

Balance Sheet
As on December 31, 2019

Details	Amount ($)	Amount ($)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash	170,000
Accounts receivable	75,000
Raw material inventory	45,600
Work in process inventory	208,200
Finished goods inventory	15,000
Prepaid rent	3,000
Total Assets		516,800
Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity
Liabilities:
Factory wages payable	68,000
Accounts payable	17,000
Notes payable	25,000
Total liabilities		110,000
Stockholder's Equity:
Common stock	50,000
Retained earnings	356,800	406,800
Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity		516,800

Explanation of Solution

Income Statement

Gross profit = Net income – Cost of goods soldGross profit =373,000−227,200Gross profit =145,800

Net income = Gross profit−Operating expensesNet income =145,800−60,000Net income =85,800

Balance sheet

Assets-

Assets=Cash+Accounts receivable+Raw material inventory+Work in process inventory +Finished goods inventory+Prepaid rent Assets=170,000+75,000+45,600+208,200+15,000+3,000Assets=516,800

Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity-

Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=Liabilities+ Stockholder's EquityTotal Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity= Factory wages payable+ Accounts payable+ Notes payable+ Common stock+ Retained earningsTotal Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=68,000+17,000+25,000+50,000+356,800Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=110,000+406,800Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=516,800

Conclusion:

Thus, Income statement and balance sheet is prepared.

Answer 28

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Income statement-

Income statement refers to the financial statement that evaluates the financial performance of the company. It shows the expenses, revenues and net income of a firm over specific period of time. Therefore evaluation of financial performance can be undertaken by identifying the revenues and expenses incurred by the business through both non-operating and operating activities.

Balance sheet-

Balance sheet is a statement which shows the financial position of the company at a particular date. The balance sheet explains about the company's assets and also explains how these assets are being financed. Assets are usually financed either through debt or equity. So, balance sheet gives the clear picture of company's assets, liabilities and equity.

To prepare:

To prepare income statement and balance sheet.

Answer 29

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Income statement
For the year ended 2019

Particulars	Amount ($)
Sales revenue	373,000
Less: Cost of goods sold	(227,200)
Gross profit	145,800
Less: Operating expense	(60,000)
Net income	85,800

Balance Sheet
As on December 31, 2019

Details	Amount ($)	Amount ($)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash	170,000
Accounts receivable	75,000
Raw material inventory	45,600
Work in process inventory	208,200
Finished goods inventory	15,000
Prepaid rent	3,000
Total Assets		516,800
Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity
Liabilities:
Factory wages payable	68,000
Accounts payable	17,000
Notes payable	25,000
Total liabilities		110,000
Stockholder's Equity:
Common stock	50,000
Retained earnings	356,800	406,800
Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity		516,800

Answer 30

Expert Solution

Answer 31

Expert Solution

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer 33

Explanation of Solution

Income Statement

Gross profit = Net income – Cost of goods soldGross profit =373,000−227,200Gross profit =145,800

Net income = Gross profit−Operating expensesNet income =145,800−60,000Net income =85,800

Balance sheet

Assets-

Assets=Cash+Accounts receivable+Raw material inventory+Work in process inventory +Finished goods inventory+Prepaid rent Assets=170,000+75,000+45,600+208,200+15,000+3,000Assets=516,800

Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity-

Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=Liabilities+ Stockholder's EquityTotal Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity= Factory wages payable+ Accounts payable+ Notes payable+ Common stock+ Retained earningsTotal Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=68,000+17,000+25,000+50,000+356,800Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=110,000+406,800Total Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity=516,800

Conclusion:

Thus, Income statement and balance sheet is prepared.

Answer 34

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Income statement-

Income statement refers to the financial statement that evaluates the financial performance of the company. It shows the expenses, revenues and net income of a firm over specific period of time. Therefore evaluation of financial performance can be undertaken by identifying the revenues and expenses incurred by the business through both non-operating and operating activities.

Balance sheet-

Balance sheet is a statement which shows the financial position of the company at a particular date. The balance sheet explains about the company's assets and also explains how these assets are being financed. Assets are usually financed either through debt or equity. So, balance sheet gives the clear picture of company's assets, liabilities and equity.

To Analyse-

To analyse the impact of errors.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Impact on Income statement-

If direct material of $5,600 is treated as indirect materail, cost of goods sold in income statement will increase and income earned by the entity decreases.

Imapct on Balance sheet-

If direct material of $5,600 is treated as indirect material, Retained earnings as per balance sheet decreases.

Explanation of Solution

Answer is explained above.

Conclusion:

Thus, Impact of error on income statement and balance sheet is analysed.

Answer 35

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Income statement-

Income statement refers to the financial statement that evaluates the financial performance of the company. It shows the expenses, revenues and net income of a firm over specific period of time. Therefore evaluation of financial performance can be undertaken by identifying the revenues and expenses incurred by the business through both non-operating and operating activities.

Balance sheet-

Balance sheet is a statement which shows the financial position of the company at a particular date. The balance sheet explains about the company's assets and also explains how these assets are being financed. Assets are usually financed either through debt or equity. So, balance sheet gives the clear picture of company's assets, liabilities and equity.

To Analyse-

To analyse the impact of errors.

Answer 36

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2APSA

Impact on Income statement-

If direct material of $5,600 is treated as indirect materail, cost of goods sold in income statement will increase and income earned by the entity decreases.

Imapct on Balance sheet-

If direct material of $5,600 is treated as indirect material, Retained earnings as per balance sheet decreases.