a. To determine: Whether the gene that codes for EGFR is a tumor-suppressor gene or a proto-oncogene. Introduction: Tumor-Suppressor genes are normal genes that are responsible for inhibiting cell proliferation. A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that has the potential to convert in an oncogene due to any mutation.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 23P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

Whether the gene that codes for EGFR is a tumor-suppressor gene or a proto-oncogene.

Introduction:

Tumor-Suppressor genes are normal genes that are responsible for inhibiting cell proliferation. A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that has the potential to convert in an oncogene due to any mutation.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

Whether a patient with a GBM expressing EGFRvIII should be treated with a higher or lower dose of X-rays than with patients having GBMs with normal EGFR proteins.

Introduction:

It is given that the cells that express EGFRvIII are difficult to induce to undergo programmed cell death. There are other methods used to kill the cells containing this mutant protein like radiology, chemotherapy, and so on.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The method by which the mutant EGFR protein might be responsible for causing cancer.

Introduction:

It is given that EGFR is a transmembrane protein. The N-terminal of this protein has an extracellular part that binds epidermal growth factor and the C-terminal kinase part that is normally activated when EGF binds to EGFR.

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

Whether the drug blocking the kinase activity of EGFR would be a potential treatment for GBMs expressing EGFRvIII or it would make the tumors grow faster.

Introduction:

It is given that Iressa^TM is a drug that blocks the kinase activity of EGFR. The kinase is an enzyme that phosphorylates other proteins.

Summary Introduction

e.

To determine:

Whether patients with high amounts of ERCC1 mRNAs should be treated with higher or lower doses of cisplatin than patients with normal amounts of ERCC1 mRNAs.

Introduction:

It is given that cisplatin is a platinum compound that is associated with DNA damage and causes cell death. The ERCC1 gene codes for a DNA repair protein.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 23P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

Whether the gene that codes for EGFR is a tumor-suppressor gene or a proto-oncogene.

Introduction:

Tumor-Suppressor genes are normal genes that are responsible for inhibiting cell proliferation. A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that has the potential to convert in an oncogene due to any mutation.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

Whether a patient with a GBM expressing EGFRvIII should be treated with a higher or lower dose of X-rays than with patients having GBMs with normal EGFR proteins.

Introduction:

It is given that the cells that express EGFRvIII are difficult to induce to undergo programmed cell death. There are other methods used to kill the cells containing this mutant protein like radiology, chemotherapy, and so on.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The method by which the mutant EGFR protein might be responsible for causing cancer.

Introduction:

It is given that EGFR is a transmembrane protein. The N-terminal of this protein has an extracellular part that binds epidermal growth factor and the C-terminal kinase part that is normally activated when EGF binds to EGFR.

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

Whether the drug blocking the kinase activity of EGFR would be a potential treatment for GBMs expressing EGFRvIII or it would make the tumors grow faster.

Introduction:

It is given that Iressa^TM is a drug that blocks the kinase activity of EGFR. The kinase is an enzyme that phosphorylates other proteins.

Summary Introduction

e.

To determine:

Whether patients with high amounts of ERCC1 mRNAs should be treated with higher or lower doses of cisplatin than patients with normal amounts of ERCC1 mRNAs.

Introduction:

It is given that cisplatin is a platinum compound that is associated with DNA damage and causes cell death. The ERCC1 gene codes for a DNA repair protein.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 23P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

Whether the gene that codes for EGFR is a tumor-suppressor gene or a proto-oncogene.

Introduction:

Tumor-Suppressor genes are normal genes that are responsible for inhibiting cell proliferation. A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that has the potential to convert in an oncogene due to any mutation.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

Whether a patient with a GBM expressing EGFRvIII should be treated with a higher or lower dose of X-rays than with patients having GBMs with normal EGFR proteins.

Introduction:

It is given that the cells that express EGFRvIII are difficult to induce to undergo programmed cell death. There are other methods used to kill the cells containing this mutant protein like radiology, chemotherapy, and so on.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The method by which the mutant EGFR protein might be responsible for causing cancer.

Introduction:

It is given that EGFR is a transmembrane protein. The N-terminal of this protein has an extracellular part that binds epidermal growth factor and the C-terminal kinase part that is normally activated when EGF binds to EGFR.

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

Whether the drug blocking the kinase activity of EGFR would be a potential treatment for GBMs expressing EGFRvIII or it would make the tumors grow faster.

Introduction:

It is given that Iressa^TM is a drug that blocks the kinase activity of EGFR. The kinase is an enzyme that phosphorylates other proteins.

Summary Introduction

e.

To determine:

Whether patients with high amounts of ERCC1 mRNAs should be treated with higher or lower doses of cisplatin than patients with normal amounts of ERCC1 mRNAs.

Introduction:

It is given that cisplatin is a platinum compound that is associated with DNA damage and causes cell death. The ERCC1 gene codes for a DNA repair protein.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 23P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

Whether the gene that codes for EGFR is a tumor-suppressor gene or a proto-oncogene.

Introduction:

Tumor-Suppressor genes are normal genes that are responsible for inhibiting cell proliferation. A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that has the potential to convert in an oncogene due to any mutation.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

Whether a patient with a GBM expressing EGFRvIII should be treated with a higher or lower dose of X-rays than with patients having GBMs with normal EGFR proteins.

Introduction:

It is given that the cells that express EGFRvIII are difficult to induce to undergo programmed cell death. There are other methods used to kill the cells containing this mutant protein like radiology, chemotherapy, and so on.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The method by which the mutant EGFR protein might be responsible for causing cancer.

Introduction:

It is given that EGFR is a transmembrane protein. The N-terminal of this protein has an extracellular part that binds epidermal growth factor and the C-terminal kinase part that is normally activated when EGF binds to EGFR.

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

Whether the drug blocking the kinase activity of EGFR would be a potential treatment for GBMs expressing EGFRvIII or it would make the tumors grow faster.

Introduction:

It is given that Iressa^TM is a drug that blocks the kinase activity of EGFR. The kinase is an enzyme that phosphorylates other proteins.

Summary Introduction

e.

To determine:

Whether patients with high amounts of ERCC1 mRNAs should be treated with higher or lower doses of cisplatin than patients with normal amounts of ERCC1 mRNAs.

Introduction:

It is given that cisplatin is a platinum compound that is associated with DNA damage and causes cell death. The ERCC1 gene codes for a DNA repair protein.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 23P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

Whether the gene that codes for EGFR is a tumor-suppressor gene or a proto-oncogene.

Introduction:

Tumor-Suppressor genes are normal genes that are responsible for inhibiting cell proliferation. A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that has the potential to convert in an oncogene due to any mutation.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

Whether a patient with a GBM expressing EGFRvIII should be treated with a higher or lower dose of X-rays than with patients having GBMs with normal EGFR proteins.

Introduction:

It is given that the cells that express EGFRvIII are difficult to induce to undergo programmed cell death. There are other methods used to kill the cells containing this mutant protein like radiology, chemotherapy, and so on.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The method by which the mutant EGFR protein might be responsible for causing cancer.

Introduction:

It is given that EGFR is a transmembrane protein. The N-terminal of this protein has an extracellular part that binds epidermal growth factor and the C-terminal kinase part that is normally activated when EGF binds to EGFR.

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

Whether the drug blocking the kinase activity of EGFR would be a potential treatment for GBMs expressing EGFRvIII or it would make the tumors grow faster.

Introduction:

It is given that Iressa^TM is a drug that blocks the kinase activity of EGFR. The kinase is an enzyme that phosphorylates other proteins.

Summary Introduction

e.

To determine:

Whether patients with high amounts of ERCC1 mRNAs should be treated with higher or lower doses of cisplatin than patients with normal amounts of ERCC1 mRNAs.

Introduction:

It is given that cisplatin is a platinum compound that is associated with DNA damage and causes cell death. The ERCC1 gene codes for a DNA repair protein.

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 23P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

Whether the gene that codes for EGFR is a tumor-suppressor gene or a proto-oncogene.

Introduction:

Tumor-Suppressor genes are normal genes that are responsible for inhibiting cell proliferation. A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that has the potential to convert in an oncogene due to any mutation.

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 23P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

Whether the gene that codes for EGFR is a tumor-suppressor gene or a proto-oncogene.

Introduction:

Tumor-Suppressor genes are normal genes that are responsible for inhibiting cell proliferation. A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that has the potential to convert in an oncogene due to any mutation.

Answer 8

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

Whether a patient with a GBM expressing EGFRvIII should be treated with a higher or lower dose of X-rays than with patients having GBMs with normal EGFR proteins.

Introduction:

It is given that the cells that express EGFRvIII are difficult to induce to undergo programmed cell death. There are other methods used to kill the cells containing this mutant protein like radiology, chemotherapy, and so on.

Answer 9

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

Whether a patient with a GBM expressing EGFRvIII should be treated with a higher or lower dose of X-rays than with patients having GBMs with normal EGFR proteins.

Introduction:

It is given that the cells that express EGFRvIII are difficult to induce to undergo programmed cell death. There are other methods used to kill the cells containing this mutant protein like radiology, chemotherapy, and so on.

Answer 10

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The method by which the mutant EGFR protein might be responsible for causing cancer.

Introduction:

It is given that EGFR is a transmembrane protein. The N-terminal of this protein has an extracellular part that binds epidermal growth factor and the C-terminal kinase part that is normally activated when EGF binds to EGFR.

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The method by which the mutant EGFR protein might be responsible for causing cancer.

Introduction:

It is given that EGFR is a transmembrane protein. The N-terminal of this protein has an extracellular part that binds epidermal growth factor and the C-terminal kinase part that is normally activated when EGF binds to EGFR.

Answer 12

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

Whether the drug blocking the kinase activity of EGFR would be a potential treatment for GBMs expressing EGFRvIII or it would make the tumors grow faster.

Introduction:

It is given that Iressa^TM is a drug that blocks the kinase activity of EGFR. The kinase is an enzyme that phosphorylates other proteins.

Answer 13

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

Whether the drug blocking the kinase activity of EGFR would be a potential treatment for GBMs expressing EGFRvIII or it would make the tumors grow faster.

Introduction:

It is given that Iressa^TM is a drug that blocks the kinase activity of EGFR. The kinase is an enzyme that phosphorylates other proteins.

Answer 14

Summary Introduction

e.

To determine:

Whether patients with high amounts of ERCC1 mRNAs should be treated with higher or lower doses of cisplatin than patients with normal amounts of ERCC1 mRNAs.

Introduction:

It is given that cisplatin is a platinum compound that is associated with DNA damage and causes cell death. The ERCC1 gene codes for a DNA repair protein.

Answer 15

Summary Introduction

e.

To determine:

Whether patients with high amounts of ERCC1 mRNAs should be treated with higher or lower doses of cisplatin than patients with normal amounts of ERCC1 mRNAs.

Introduction:

It is given that cisplatin is a platinum compound that is associated with DNA damage and causes cell death. The ERCC1 gene codes for a DNA repair protein.

Answer 16

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Answer 17

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 18

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Answer 19

Ch. 19 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 19 - Characterize the differences between tumor cells...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3P Ch. 19 - Prob. 4P Ch. 19 - A carcinogenic compound is placed on the skin of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 6P Ch. 19 - Prob. 7P Ch. 19 - Molecules outside and inside the cell regulate the...Ch. 19 - Put the following steps in the correct ordered...Ch. 19 - a. Would you expect a cell to continue or to stop...

Solution Summary: The author explains that Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and invasive form of brain cancer in humans.

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