To distinguish: Between the rate of speciation and the rate of diversification in a higher taxon. Introduction: Diversity is defined as the number of species or genera in many evolutionary studies. Analysis of changes in diversity can be done by studying paleontology and by the phylogenetic relationship among the species. Changes in speciation and diversification can be studied using a number of taxa (N). Speciation rate is represented as S while diversification rate is represented as D.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 1PDT

Summary Introduction

To distinguish: Between the rate of speciation and the rate of diversification in a higher taxon.

Introduction: Diversity is defined as the number of species or genera in many evolutionary studies. Analysis of changes in diversity can be done by studying paleontology and by the phylogenetic relationship among the species. Changes in speciation and diversification can be studied using a number of taxa (N). Speciation rate is represented as S while diversification rate is represented as D.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The differences between the rate of speciation and diversification rate are mentioned as follows:

No.	Character	Rate of Speciation	Rate of Diversification
1.	Definition	Speciation rate refers to the probability of one species “giving birth” to another species over a short period of time represented as dt.	Diversification rate is defined as the average increase or decrease in diversity per taxon.
2.	Representation	Speciation rate is represented by S.	D is used to represent the rate of diversification.
3.	Calculation	Rate of speciation can be calculated by dividing the change in the number of species per unit time.	Subtracting speciation rate from extinction rate gives the rate of diversification.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The relationship between the rate of speciation, a number of species and the rate of diversification.

Introduction: Diversity is defined as the number of species or genera in many evolutionary studies. Speciation rate refers to the probability of one species “giving birth” to another species over a short period of time which is represented as dt. Diversification rate is defined as the average increase or decrease in diversity per taxon.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Subtracting speciation rate from extinction rate gives a rate of diversification represented as D. Speciation rate would be greater than the extinction rate if the value of D is greater than 1. A decline in the number of species would be observed if the value of D is negative. There will be an exponential increase or decrease in the number of species if the value of D remains constant over a period of time.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 1PDT

Summary Introduction

To distinguish: Between the rate of speciation and the rate of diversification in a higher taxon.

Introduction: Diversity is defined as the number of species or genera in many evolutionary studies. Analysis of changes in diversity can be done by studying paleontology and by the phylogenetic relationship among the species. Changes in speciation and diversification can be studied using a number of taxa (N). Speciation rate is represented as S while diversification rate is represented as D.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The differences between the rate of speciation and diversification rate are mentioned as follows:

No.	Character	Rate of Speciation	Rate of Diversification
1.	Definition	Speciation rate refers to the probability of one species “giving birth” to another species over a short period of time represented as dt.	Diversification rate is defined as the average increase or decrease in diversity per taxon.
2.	Representation	Speciation rate is represented by S.	D is used to represent the rate of diversification.
3.	Calculation	Rate of speciation can be calculated by dividing the change in the number of species per unit time.	Subtracting speciation rate from extinction rate gives the rate of diversification.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The relationship between the rate of speciation, a number of species and the rate of diversification.

Introduction: Diversity is defined as the number of species or genera in many evolutionary studies. Speciation rate refers to the probability of one species “giving birth” to another species over a short period of time which is represented as dt. Diversification rate is defined as the average increase or decrease in diversity per taxon.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Subtracting speciation rate from extinction rate gives a rate of diversification represented as D. Speciation rate would be greater than the extinction rate if the value of D is greater than 1. A decline in the number of species would be observed if the value of D is negative. There will be an exponential increase or decrease in the number of species if the value of D remains constant over a period of time.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 1PDT

Summary Introduction

To distinguish: Between the rate of speciation and the rate of diversification in a higher taxon.

Introduction: Diversity is defined as the number of species or genera in many evolutionary studies. Analysis of changes in diversity can be done by studying paleontology and by the phylogenetic relationship among the species. Changes in speciation and diversification can be studied using a number of taxa (N). Speciation rate is represented as S while diversification rate is represented as D.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The differences between the rate of speciation and diversification rate are mentioned as follows:

No.	Character	Rate of Speciation	Rate of Diversification
1.	Definition	Speciation rate refers to the probability of one species “giving birth” to another species over a short period of time represented as dt.	Diversification rate is defined as the average increase or decrease in diversity per taxon.
2.	Representation	Speciation rate is represented by S.	D is used to represent the rate of diversification.
3.	Calculation	Rate of speciation can be calculated by dividing the change in the number of species per unit time.	Subtracting speciation rate from extinction rate gives the rate of diversification.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The relationship between the rate of speciation, a number of species and the rate of diversification.

Introduction: Diversity is defined as the number of species or genera in many evolutionary studies. Speciation rate refers to the probability of one species “giving birth” to another species over a short period of time which is represented as dt. Diversification rate is defined as the average increase or decrease in diversity per taxon.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Subtracting speciation rate from extinction rate gives a rate of diversification represented as D. Speciation rate would be greater than the extinction rate if the value of D is greater than 1. A decline in the number of species would be observed if the value of D is negative. There will be an exponential increase or decrease in the number of species if the value of D remains constant over a period of time.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 1PDT

Summary Introduction

To distinguish: Between the rate of speciation and the rate of diversification in a higher taxon.

Introduction: Diversity is defined as the number of species or genera in many evolutionary studies. Analysis of changes in diversity can be done by studying paleontology and by the phylogenetic relationship among the species. Changes in speciation and diversification can be studied using a number of taxa (N). Speciation rate is represented as S while diversification rate is represented as D.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The differences between the rate of speciation and diversification rate are mentioned as follows:

No.	Character	Rate of Speciation	Rate of Diversification
1.	Definition	Speciation rate refers to the probability of one species “giving birth” to another species over a short period of time represented as dt.	Diversification rate is defined as the average increase or decrease in diversity per taxon.
2.	Representation	Speciation rate is represented by S.	D is used to represent the rate of diversification.
3.	Calculation	Rate of speciation can be calculated by dividing the change in the number of species per unit time.	Subtracting speciation rate from extinction rate gives the rate of diversification.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The relationship between the rate of speciation, a number of species and the rate of diversification.

Introduction: Diversity is defined as the number of species or genera in many evolutionary studies. Speciation rate refers to the probability of one species “giving birth” to another species over a short period of time which is represented as dt. Diversification rate is defined as the average increase or decrease in diversity per taxon.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Subtracting speciation rate from extinction rate gives a rate of diversification represented as D. Speciation rate would be greater than the extinction rate if the value of D is greater than 1. A decline in the number of species would be observed if the value of D is negative. There will be an exponential increase or decrease in the number of species if the value of D remains constant over a period of time.

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Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 1PDT

Summary Introduction

To distinguish: Between the rate of speciation and the rate of diversification in a higher taxon.

Introduction: Diversity is defined as the number of species or genera in many evolutionary studies. Analysis of changes in diversity can be done by studying paleontology and by the phylogenetic relationship among the species. Changes in speciation and diversification can be studied using a number of taxa (N). Speciation rate is represented as S while diversification rate is represented as D.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The differences between the rate of speciation and diversification rate are mentioned as follows:

No.	Character	Rate of Speciation	Rate of Diversification
1.	Definition	Speciation rate refers to the probability of one species “giving birth” to another species over a short period of time represented as dt.	Diversification rate is defined as the average increase or decrease in diversity per taxon.
2.	Representation	Speciation rate is represented by S.	D is used to represent the rate of diversification.
3.	Calculation	Rate of speciation can be calculated by dividing the change in the number of species per unit time.	Subtracting speciation rate from extinction rate gives the rate of diversification.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The relationship between the rate of speciation, a number of species and the rate of diversification.

Introduction: Diversity is defined as the number of species or genera in many evolutionary studies. Speciation rate refers to the probability of one species “giving birth” to another species over a short period of time which is represented as dt. Diversification rate is defined as the average increase or decrease in diversity per taxon.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Subtracting speciation rate from extinction rate gives a rate of diversification represented as D. Speciation rate would be greater than the extinction rate if the value of D is greater than 1. A decline in the number of species would be observed if the value of D is negative. There will be an exponential increase or decrease in the number of species if the value of D remains constant over a period of time.

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 1PDT

Summary Introduction

To distinguish: Between the rate of speciation and the rate of diversification in a higher taxon.

Introduction: Diversity is defined as the number of species or genera in many evolutionary studies. Analysis of changes in diversity can be done by studying paleontology and by the phylogenetic relationship among the species. Changes in speciation and diversification can be studied using a number of taxa (N). Speciation rate is represented as S while diversification rate is represented as D.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The differences between the rate of speciation and diversification rate are mentioned as follows:

No.	Character	Rate of Speciation	Rate of Diversification
1.	Definition	Speciation rate refers to the probability of one species “giving birth” to another species over a short period of time represented as dt.	Diversification rate is defined as the average increase or decrease in diversity per taxon.
2.	Representation	Speciation rate is represented by S.	D is used to represent the rate of diversification.
3.	Calculation	Rate of speciation can be calculated by dividing the change in the number of species per unit time.	Subtracting speciation rate from extinction rate gives the rate of diversification.

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 1PDT

Summary Introduction

To distinguish: Between the rate of speciation and the rate of diversification in a higher taxon.

Introduction: Diversity is defined as the number of species or genera in many evolutionary studies. Analysis of changes in diversity can be done by studying paleontology and by the phylogenetic relationship among the species. Changes in speciation and diversification can be studied using a number of taxa (N). Speciation rate is represented as S while diversification rate is represented as D.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The differences between the rate of speciation and diversification rate are mentioned as follows:

No.	Character	Rate of Speciation	Rate of Diversification
1.	Definition	Speciation rate refers to the probability of one species “giving birth” to another species over a short period of time represented as dt.	Diversification rate is defined as the average increase or decrease in diversity per taxon.
2.	Representation	Speciation rate is represented by S.	D is used to represent the rate of diversification.
3.	Calculation	Rate of speciation can be calculated by dividing the change in the number of species per unit time.	Subtracting speciation rate from extinction rate gives the rate of diversification.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Summary Introduction

To explain: The relationship between the rate of speciation, a number of species and the rate of diversification.

Introduction: Diversity is defined as the number of species or genera in many evolutionary studies. Speciation rate refers to the probability of one species “giving birth” to another species over a short period of time which is represented as dt. Diversification rate is defined as the average increase or decrease in diversity per taxon.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Subtracting speciation rate from extinction rate gives a rate of diversification represented as D. Speciation rate would be greater than the extinction rate if the value of D is greater than 1. A decline in the number of species would be observed if the value of D is negative. There will be an exponential increase or decrease in the number of species if the value of D remains constant over a period of time.

Answer 13

Summary Introduction

To explain: The relationship between the rate of speciation, a number of species and the rate of diversification.

Introduction: Diversity is defined as the number of species or genera in many evolutionary studies. Speciation rate refers to the probability of one species “giving birth” to another species over a short period of time which is represented as dt. Diversification rate is defined as the average increase or decrease in diversity per taxon.

Answer 14

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Subtracting speciation rate from extinction rate gives a rate of diversification represented as D. Speciation rate would be greater than the extinction rate if the value of D is greater than 1. A decline in the number of species would be observed if the value of D is negative. There will be an exponential increase or decrease in the number of species if the value of D remains constant over a period of time.