Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Question
Chapter 19, Problem 1PDQ
(a)
Summary Introduction
To determine: The way in which methylation of promoters silences gene expression.
Introduction: Methylation can be defined as the process of adding on a methyl group to a molecule of DNA. The process of methylation results in the modification of DNA activity, but it does not change the DNA sequence.
(b)
Summary Introduction
To determine: The evidence that epigenetic changes are involved in cancer.
Introduction: Epigenetics refers to the study of alteration in the expression of genes. The changes in gene expression do not alter the DNA sequence that is only the
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
We know that eukaryote gene regulation can occur at any point in the process of gene expression.
(a) What is the final step where gene expression control may occur in the process of protein expression ?
(b) Is this a cellular energy efficient or inefficient mechanism of gene regulation? Explain.
You are interested in studying a novel gene that appears to be involved in cancer. There is no information about the function of this gene. What would you do to obtain the cDNA for this gene? How would you express this gene and what expression systems might you utilize to study its function and why? How would determine the subcellular localization of this gene in eukaryotic cells? What are alternative methods in case one doesn't work? How would you purify and determine the 3-dimensional structure of this protein?
Which of the following is an example of post-transcriptionalcontrol of gene expression?(A) the addition of methyl groups to cytosine bases of DNA(B) the binding of transcription factors to a promoter(C) the removal of introns and alternative splicing of exons(D) gene amplification contributing to cancer
Chapter 19 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 19 - Although histone modifications can activate or...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2NSTCh. 19 - Prob. 1CSCh. 19 - Prob. 2CSCh. 19 - A couple well informed about the epigenetic...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1PDQCh. 19 - Prob. 2PDQCh. 19 - Prob. 3PDQCh. 19 - Prob. 4PDQCh. 19 - Prob. 5PDQ
Ch. 19 - Prob. 6PDQCh. 19 - Prob. 7PDQCh. 19 - Prob. 8PDQCh. 19 - Prob. 9PDQCh. 19 - Prob. 10PDQCh. 19 - What are the functions of IncRNAs in epigenetic...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12PDQCh. 19 - What are the differences and similarities among...Ch. 19 - Prob. 14PDQCh. 19 - Prob. 15PDQCh. 19 - Should fertility clinics be required by law to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 17PDQCh. 19 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 19 - A developmental disorder in humans called spina...Ch. 19 - Prob. 20PDQCh. 19 - PraderWilli syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder...Ch. 19 - Prob. 22ESPCh. 19 - Prob. 23ESPCh. 19 - Methylation of H3K9 by itself silences genes, but...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The rb gene encodes a protein that inhibits E2F, a transcriptionfactor that activates several genes involved in cell division.Mutations in rb are associated with certain forms of cancer,such as retinoblastoma. Under each of the following conditions,would you expect the cancer to occur?A. One copy of rb is defective; both copies of E2F are functional.B. Both copies of rb are defective; both copies of E2F arefunctional.C. Both copies of rb are defective; one copy of E2F is defective.D. Both copies of rb and E2F are defective.arrow_forward(a) How does the duplication of individual genes occur? (b) individual that inherit a genetic condition known as xeroderma pigmentosum exhibit an extreme sensitivity to sunlight exposure and often develop skin cancer by the age of 10. What repair pathway is most likely disrupted as a result of such mutation? Explain why?arrow_forwardSuppose expression of gene A is limited to the middle part of the early mouse embryo. Expression of gene B is located on the posterior and anterior ends of the early mouse embryo, but not in the middle. When gene B is mutated, expression of gene A is distributed over the whole embryo. What is a likely explanation for this data? a) Gene A acts as an activator of gene B. Ob) Gene A acts as a repressor of gene B. O c) Gene B acts as an activator of gene A. () d) Gene B acts as a repressor of gene A.arrow_forward
- How does reverse methylation affect gene expression? Select one: o a. The gene is turned off, but still expresses a protein product. b. The gene becomes transcriptionally silent. c. There is no effect on the gene. d. The gene is hyperactive resulting in a gain of function. e. The gene expresses the wrong protein. Clear my choice How do microRNAs regulate epigenetic mechanisms during development? Select one: o a. MicroRNAs function as gene repressors b. You only find microRNAS in epigenetic and cancer cells c. MicroRNAs function as gene activators d. MicroRNAS regulate methylation on the DNA sequences of embryos e. Researchers find that when microRNAs are present the effects of epigenetic modifications are 50% greater Clear my choicearrow_forwardThe use of embryonic stem cells has been proposed for replacing cells that are destroyed by disease or injury. Because of ethical concerns about creating and destroying embryos to produce embryonic stem cells, researchers have attempted to create induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this chapter, we discussed studies showing that iPSCs retain some epigenetic marks from the differentiated adult cells from which they were derived. What implications might this research have for attempts to use iPSCs to regrow cells and tissues?arrow_forwarda. How do bacteria increase the efficiency of gene expression? Is this possible in eukaryotes? b. A mutation in the promoter of Gene K disrupts an enzyme binding site and results in the loss of Gene K expression. Is this change in gene expression likely happening at the transcriptional or the translational level? Explain. c. Propose three different mutations to prevent initiation, elongation, and termination of bacterial transcription, respectively. Explain how/why each mutation would prevent its respective step. (Hint: mutations can be in genes that encode proteins or regulatory DNA sequences)arrow_forward
- The transcription factor Pax6 is required continually during the life of a mouse (or a human) for the development of the retina. Homozygous Pax6 knockout mice die soon after birth because Pax6 protein is also required in essential organs, such as the pancreas. a) In order to study the role of Pax6 in eye development a researcher wants to generate a mouse that expresses Pax6 everywhere except in its eyes. Describe how you could construct such a mouse by floxing the gene. Is it possible to achieve the same end with a transgene? (Hint: think about using cDNA and RNAI) b) Suppose you want to create a mouse similar to that in part (a), but one where the eye cells from Pax6 function has been removed and now express a gene that specifies a green fluorescent protein (GFP). Marking the cells in this way will allow the investigators to see the shapes of the Pax6- eye cells more easily than if they did not express GFP. Diagram a Pax6 gene construct that would enable the researcher to do this…arrow_forwardRetinoblastoma is an extremely rare cancer of the retina in the eye. The disease mainly affects children up to the age of 5 years because it can only occur while the nerve precursor cells are still dividing. In its nonhereditary form, a tumor usually occurs in only one eye; in its hereditary form, multiple tumors develop in both eyes.To explore the basis for these differences, a cDNA clone of the Rb gene was used to probe the structure of the gene in cells from normal individuals and from individuals with nonhereditary or hereditary retinoblastoma. As shown in the figure Part A, normal individuals have four restriction fragments (A, B, C, and D) that hybridize to the Rb cDNA probe, indicating that each restriction fragment encodes at least one Rb exon. Samples from fibroblasts and tumor cells of affected persons show some differences in the patterns of hybridization, with some bands missing entirely and some bands present at half intensity. The order of the restriction fragments in the…arrow_forwardsiRNAs are used to “knockdown” gene expression in research. Imagine you are a scientist who hopes to study several genes related to cancer. Select all the scenarios you will be able to successfully use RNA interference with the use of siRNAs (select all that apply): Group of answer choices Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to core promoter regions (e.g. TATA box) of tumor suppressor genes Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to the regulatory promoter regions (e.g. enhancers) of tumor suppressor genes Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to any region of the processed mRNA Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to the 5’ UTR of the processed mRNA Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to the 3’ UTR of the processed mRNA Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to sites where the histone acetyl transferase will acetylate the histones Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to where the start…arrow_forward
- Transcriptional regulation relies on chromatin modifications that affect the physical state of chromatin and the accessibility of genomic DNA to RNA polymerase. This is commonly referred to as epigenetic regulation of gene expression, and it is highly dynamic. Epigenetic modifications vary from cell to cell and vary over time and in response to different environmental conditions within the same cell. Fill in the table below based on your knowledge of the impact of different epigenetic modifications on chromatin structure and transcription. Chromatin/DNA Modification Protein Responsible Effect on Chromatin Effect on Transcription of Associated Genes Histone Acetylation ? ? ? ? HDAC ? ? Histone Demethylation ? ? ? ? HMT ? ? DNA Methylation ? ? ?arrow_forwardBecause the degree of DNA methylation appears to be a relatively reliable genetic marker for some forms of cancer, researchers have explored the possibility of altering DNA methylation as a form of cancer therapy. Initial studies indicate that while hypomethylation suppresses the formation of some tumors, other tumors thrive. Why would one expect different cancers to respond differently to either hypomethylation or hypermethylation therapies?arrow_forwardBased on the labels you should be able to recognize the characteristic structure depicted below and what process it represents. Q7a) Identify the factors that correspond to each one of the letters (A-D) involved in this critical cellular process b)Name two important aspects of gene expression that would be affected by a loss of function (the protein is not capable of doing its normal job) of Aarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
QCE Biology: Introduction to Gene Expression; Author: Atomi;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7hydUtCIJk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY