Concept explainers
Introduction:
Evolution is a biological process which involves the change in heritable characteristics of organisms in the population through generations. It occurs due to mutation, natural selection, and hybridization.
Answer to Problem 1MC
Correct answer:
The species A and B have a more recent common ancestor than A and C.
Therefore, option (b) is correct.
Option (b) is given as “have a more recent common ancestor than do A and C”.
Explanation of Solution
Justify reasons for the correct statement:
The species A and B shares common ancestors as they are evolved from same ancestors and have similar structures. Such structures are called homologous structures, as species with homologous structures have similar structures but perform different function. It is the result of divergent evolution. So the members of species A and B are directly evolved from the most recent individual in a population.
Hence, option (b). is correct.
Justify reasons for the incorrect statements:
Option (a) is given as “have a more ancient common ancestor than do A and C.
The species A and B are evolved from recent common ancestors. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (c) is given as “are more similar in appearance than are A and C”.
Species A and B are similar as they share common ancestor. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (d) is given as “live in the same area, but C does not live there”.
The two species are closely related to each other only when they share common ancestors. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Hence, options (a), (c), and (d) are incorrect.
The species A and B evolved from recent common ancestors and hence, are closely related to each other.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 19 Solutions
Biology
- Species recognized by the phylogenetic species concept a. sometimes also would be recognized as species by the biological species concept. b. are sometimes paraphyletic. c. are characterized by symplesiomorphies. d. are more frequent in plants than in animals.arrow_forwardSpecies A Species B Species E Species C Species D Is the phylogenetic tree illustrated above (i.e., Figure C in the supplemental file) a rooted or unrooted tree? a. Rooted O b. Unrooted O c. It is not possible to tell based on the image alonearrow_forwardIn the figure below, each number represents a species. The closer two numbers are on the diagram the more similar the two species. The circles represent taxonomic groups. For example, the diagram shows that 2, 3, 4, and 5 are in the same genus. (Species within a group may be written as 2-5, 11-16 etc. Separate two or more groups with a coma) A. State one species that is in a genus with no other species B. State the species that are in a family with 2 genera C. State the species that are in order with 2 families D. State the species that are in a class with 3 orders E. Deduce whether species 8 is more closely related to species 16 or species 6 F. Explain why three concentric circles have been drawn around species 34 on the diagramarrow_forward
- Species A and B have long wings, whereas species C has short wings. Which of the following pieces of evidence would best support the hypothesis that long wings are a synapomorphy? A. DNA evidence showing that species B and C are sister species B. Fossil evidence showing that the common ancestor of species A, B, and C had short wings C. DNA evidence showing that species A and C are sister species D. Fossil evidence showing that the common ancestor of species A, B, and C had long wings E. Evidence showing that species A and B live in an environment that favors long wings, whereas species C lives in an environment that favors short wingsarrow_forwardStudy the diagrams below. The diagrams represent four possible phylogenetic trees showing the relationship between the four species: M, L, S, and R. A M LS a. b. d R B t \ S M LR +d Which tree is the least parsimonious? Tree A Tree C c. Tree D d. Tree B R S M L \tat R M S 24444arrow_forwardWhich statement is true regarding the tree below? E A в с D (1) Taxon C is equally related to B and D Taxon B is equally related to taxa C & D Taxon B is equally related to taxa A, C, & D Taxon E is most closely related to taxon Aarrow_forward
- Which of the following best explains the morphological species concept?arrow_forwardStudy the diagrams below. The diagrams represent four possible phylogenetic trees showing the relationship between the four species: M, L, S, and R. B A M LS R M LR +d \t R SML RM S tota -444 What is the plausible explanation for the appearance of autapomorphic character c in species L and S of tree A although they do not share a most recent common ancestor?arrow_forwardA. Norns belong to the genus Norno and can be divided into eight species that are generally located in specific regions of the world. Use the dichotomous key to identify the norns below. Write their complete scientific name in the blank. 1. Has pointed ears go to 3 .Has rounded ears -go to 2 2. Has no tail Kentuckyus Dakotus ..Has tail 3. Ears point upward go to 5 ..Ears point downward --go to 4 ..... 4. Engages in waving behavior .Has hairy tufts on ears llus .Californius 5. Engages in waving behavior. .Does not engage in waving behavior .go to 6 Walawala 6. Has hair on head .Has no hair on head (may have ear tufts) .go to 7 Beverlus 7. Has a tail .Has no tail, aggressive . Yorkio Rajusarrow_forward
- Study the diagrams below. The diagrams represent four possible phylogenetic trees showing the relationship between the four species: M, L, S, and R. B A M LS R S M LR fd \t a Which of the phylogenetic trees is the most parsimonious? a. Tree B b. Tree D c. Tree C R S M L St RM Sarrow_forwardWhich of the following is a problem with using the Biological Species Concept? A. it doesn't apply to asexual populations B. It doesn't apply to tropical organisms C. it doesn't take into account reproductive compatibility D. there are no issues with this species conceptarrow_forwardA monophyletic group is a ______. a. phylogenetic tree b. shared derived trait c. character state d. cladearrow_forward
- Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College