Chapter 19, Problem 19.51SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given multistep synthesis by using necessary reagents is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

In the synthesis of para-butyl aniline the starting material is benzene. This on acid hydrolysis converts to ketonic product. Ketonic product reduces to butyl benzene which on nitration in presence of nitric acid and sulphuric acid gives a mixture of ortho-para products. After the separation of para product it further reduces in the presence of metallic catalyst to the butyl aniline.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given multistep synthesis by using necessary reagents is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The starting material for the given synthesis is a bicyclic amine. The name of this organic compound is quinuclidine. It is used as a starting material for the preparation of $1$-methyl-$4$-vinylpiperidine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given multistep synthesis by using necessary reagents is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

In the given synthesis the starting material is biphenyl compound. In the compound of biphenyl two benzene rings are attached with each other by the carbon-carbon bond and with the loss of two hydrogen atoms. Biphenyl first undergoes nitration with nitric acid and sulphuric acid. Then it undergoes reduction for nitro group to amine group. Biphenyl amine reacts with ethyl chloride and converts to ethylbiphenyl amine. On further reduction and reaction with suitable reagent desired product is formed.