Chapter 19, Problem 19.39P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The direction to which the equilibrium shifts on decrease in temperature for the given reaction has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier's principle:

It states that if a system in equilibrium gets disturbed due to modification of concentration, temperature, volume, and pressure, then it resets to counteract the effect of disturbance.

For an exothermic reaction, an increase in temperature results in an decrease in ${\text{K}}_{\text{c}}$.  At higher temperatures, exothermic reactions are less product favoured.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The direction to which the equilibrium shifts on addition of ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$ for the given reaction has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a)

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The direction to which the equilibrium shifts on addition of ${\text{KF}}_{\text{(s)}}$ for the given reaction has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a)

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The direction to which the equilibrium shifts on addition of ${\text{NaOH}}_{\text{(s)}}$ for the given reaction has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a)