Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The mechanism for the product formed by the reaction of excess formaldehyde with ethanal in basic solution is to be written.
Concept introduction:
舧 Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair.
舧 Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair.
舧 Free radical is an atom, molecule or ion that has an unpaired electron which makes it highly chemically reactive.
舧 Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.
舧 Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.
舧 Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.
舧 A carbon-carbon bond formation takes place by aldol addition and aldol condensation reaction.
舧 An aldol reaction takes place by acid catalysis, and direct dehydration of
舧 A
舧 A chemical reaction that is catalyzed by a base is called base-catalyzed reaction.
舧 Aldol reaction is preferred in basic condition over acidic condition, as after the aldol condensation, acid catalysis promotes the reaction further.
舧 In crossed aldol reaction, the aldol reaction occurs between two different carbonyl compounds.
舧 In crossed aldol reaction, either weak base in protic solvent or strong base in an aprotic solvent is used.
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Organic Chemistry, 12e Study Guide/Student Solutions Manual
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