Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134765037
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 10IMT
Life history traits, like anatomical features, are shaped by trade-offs that balance the demands of reproduction and survival, both of which determine fitness.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following is true about fitness?
a) It refers to the physical strength of an individual
b) It is determined solely by an individual's genotype
c) It is the same thing as survival
d) It is the ability of an individual to reproduce and pass on its genes to the next generation
Which of the following statements about the theories of senescence is correct?
Question 2 options:
The reason why organisms become old and decrepit is because an individual would often have accumulated too much energy in its lifetime in the form of fat reserve; therefore, an older individual often dies from old-age related diseases.
An allele that shows its deleterious effect later in life will always have a smaller impact on an organism's fitness than an allele that shows its deleterious effect early in life. Therefore, late-acting deleterious mutations can be fixed in the population, resulting in shortened lifespans.
The allele that can result in early reproduction will always be selected for, even if it comes with a cost of earlier senescence.
Typically, for species that live fast would usually die young.
None of the above
Termites are a diploid eusocial species in which a colony's queen and king produce both sons and
daughters through sexual reproduction. What evolutionary reasons may explain why workers forgo
reproduction unless the king or queen dies?
O Workers have a higher direct fitness than kings and queens.
Workers that leave the home colony are unlikely to establish a new colony.
O Workers increase their indirect fitness by contributing to the survival of their siblings.
O Workers are more closely related to their siblings than they are to their own offspring.
Chapter 19 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Ch. 19 - What two values would you need to know to figure...Ch. 19 - If members of a species produce a large number of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3SQCh. 19 - Prob. 4SQCh. 19 - Prob. 5SQCh. 19 - Prob. 6SQCh. 19 - According to data on ecological footprints, a. the...Ch. 19 - The mussel secretes a combination of molecules...Ch. 19 - The lynx is one of the main predators of the...Ch. 19 - Life history traits, like anatomical features, are...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Give six (6) examples of adaptation. (The definition of adaptation is in the picture)arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the degree of an organism’s adaptation to an environment, as measured by an individual’s relative genetic contribution to future generations? Fitness Lineage Adaptationarrow_forwardcan you please explain this Below is a life table for a hypothetical organism. What is the expected lifetime reproductive success for individuals carrying the A1 allele? (Note: RS: reproductive success) Question 3 options: 2.35 2.50 2.64 3.66 24.00arrow_forward
- Why does natural selection have little effect on senescence? Genes that cause senescence have no variants because they became fixed early in evolutionary history. Low-calorie diets, which may not affect offspring, cause individuals to go through senescence. Reproduction generally occurs before senescence genes begin to produce harmful effects on fitness. Senescence is a result of getting older and is not controlled by genes that can be inherited.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a valid evolutionary explanation for why aging (or senescence) happens? Selected answer will be automatically saved. For keyboard navigation, press up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a b с d Alleles that reduce survival late in life, after most individuals have reproduced, will have a smaller effect on fitness than alleles that affect survival or reproduction early in life. Alleles that affect survival or reproduction early in life will have a smaller effect on fitness than alleles that reduce survival late in life. Alleles that increase reproductive rates early in life sometimes have trade-offs that reduce later survival. 2 Many deaths of younger individuals are due to causes unrelated to life history such as predation, reducing the effects that aging has on fitness.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the grandmother hypothesis is correct? This is a hypothesis used to explain why grandmothers tend to live longer than grandfathers. For this hypothesis to work, a grandmother will need to have an antagonistic pleiotropic mutation that extends her lifespan but also lessens her physical activities. Because grandmothers are older, so they tend to contribute less in a family. That is, grandmothers are usually a drain of resources for a family. The evolution of monthly menstrual cycle in human females is seen as an example explained by the grandmother hypothesis. None of the abovearrow_forward
- According to the antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis of aging, we tradeoff survivorship later in life for elevated reproduction early in life we tradeoff reproduction later in life for elevated survivorship early in life we evenly invest in survivorship and reproduction throughout lifearrow_forwardWhich of the following BEST describes the relationship between genotype, phenotype, traits, and the environment? O Organisms acquire traits during their lifetime that alter their phenotype. This allows individuals to better adapt to their surroundings, and to pass on their phenotypes to their offspring regardless of their genes. An organism's phenotype is largely determined by its genes, or genotype. The relationship between an organism's phenotype and its environment determines the frequency of traits in a population. O The relationship between an organism's environment and its genotype determines the type of phenotype it will develop. Phenotypes are largely determined by the environment and organisms display traits that are unrelated to their genes.arrow_forwardTrue or false: Natural selection, in general, references variation in survival and reproductive success in individualsarrow_forward
- Which of the following are arguments against the expression "survival of the fittest"? Choose all that apply. (1, 2, 3, or 4 could be correct) "Fittest" implies absolute fitness, when relative fitness of one genotype compared to others is more important "Fittest" makes it sound like it is about physical fitness, when whether an individual reproduces may depend on other traits "Fittest" makes it sound like an individual will be fit in all environments, when in reality the same genotype may have different fitness in different environments Reproduction is more important than survival for transmitting genetic differences to progenyarrow_forwardBelow is a life table for a hypothetical organism. What is the expected lifetime reproductive success for individuals carrying the A1 allele? (Note: RS: reproductive success) Question 3 options: 2.35 2.50 2.64 3.66 24.00 Follow up on the previous question. If a mutation occurred such that A2 allele appeared in this population. The new allele has the effect of reproducing one year earlier but at the cost of not being able to reproduce after age 6. Can A2 allele be selected for and subsequently fixed in the population? Question 4 options: Yes, because A2 allele exhibits the antagonistic pleiotropic effect. Yes, because carriers of the A2 allele have a higher expected lifetime reproductive success than the individuals carrying the A1 allele. No, because carriers of the…arrow_forwardDescribe thoroughly the selective advantages and disadvantages organisms that reproduce sexually have over those that reproduce asexually, as well as the ramifications of mate choice on the traits present in species. The following questions could help answer the question above. What are the advantages of sexual reproduction? What are the disadvantages? How do traits selected by sexual selection and those selected by differential survival mix in an animal species? i.e. is it more important to mate or survive? Use specific examples to illustrate your point. Your answers should indicate an understanding of the mechanism behind natural selection. Propose a scenario where asexual reproduction would be favorable.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Mendelian Genetics and Punnett Squares; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3f_eisNPpnc;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
The Evolution of Populations: Natural Selection, Genetic Drift, and Gene Flow; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRWXEMlI0_U;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY