Anatomy and Physiology: An Integrative Approach with Connect Access Card
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260254440
Author: Michael McKinley, Valerie O'Loughlin, Theresa Bidle
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 18.2, Problem 6LO
Summary Introduction
To define: Colloid osmotic pressure.
Concept introduction: Hematologic system comprises blood, blood vessels, and blood-forming organs. Blood is a fluid connective tissue that carries oxygen, glucose, and nutrients throughout the body. Plasma and formed elements will be present in the whole blood.
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9. Aerobic respiration of one lipid molecule. The lipid is composed of one glycerol molecule connected to two
fatty acid tails. One fatty acid is 12 carbons long and the other fatty acid is 18 carbons long in the figure
below. Use the information below to determine how much ATP will be produced from the glycerol part of
the lipid. Then, in part B, determine how much ATP is produced from the 2 fatty acids of the lipid. Finally
put the NADH and ATP yields together from the glycerol and fatty acids (part A and B) to determine your
total number of ATP produced per lipid. Assume no other carbon source is available.
18 carbons
fatty acids
12 carbons
9
glycerol
A. Glycerol is broken down to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, a glycolysis intermediate via the following
pathway shown in the figure below. Notice this process costs one ATP but generates one FADH2. Continue
generating ATP with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate using the standard pathway and aerobic respiration.
glycerol
glycerol-3-
phosphate…
Normal dive (for diving humans)
normal
breathing
dive
normal
breathing
Oz level
CO2 level
urgent need
to breathe
Oz blackout zone
high CO2 triggers breathing
6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in
relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in
diving humans.
How might the location and slope of the O₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
How might the location and slope of the CO₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
•
Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above.
How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line
differ for diving marine mammals?
What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability
of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?
foraging/diet type
teeth
tongue
stomach
intestines
cecum
Insectivory
numerous, spiky, incisors procumbentExample: moleExample: shrew
--
simple
short
mostly lacking
Myrmecophagy
absent or reduced in numbers, peg-likeExample: tamandua anteater
extremely long
simple, often roughened
short
small or lacking
Terrestrial carnivory
sharp incisors; long, conical canines; often carnassial cheek teeth; may have crushing molarsExample: dog
--
simple
short
small
Aquatic carnivory
homodont, spiky, numerousExample: common dolphin
--
simple or multichambered (cetaceans only)
variable
small or absent
Sanguinivory
very sharp upper incisors; reduced cheek teethExample: vampire bat
grooved
tubular, highly extensible
long
small or lacking
Herbivory (except nectivores)
incisors robust or absent; canines reduced or absent; diastema; cheek teeth enlarged with complex occlusal surfacesExample: beaver
--
simple (hindgut fermenters) or multichambered (ruminants)
long
large
Filter feeding
none…
Chapter 18 Solutions
Anatomy and Physiology: An Integrative Approach with Connect Access Card
Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 18.1 - Prob. 1WDLCh. 18.1 - How does blood help regulate body temperature and...Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 18.1 - Prob. 1WDTCh. 18.1 - Will blood be able to properly carry out its...Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 18.1 - Prob. 4LOCh. 18.1 - Prob. 5LOCh. 18.1 - Prob. 4WDL
Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 5WDLCh. 18.2 - Prob. 6LOCh. 18.2 - Prob. 7LOCh. 18.2 - Prob. 6WDLCh. 18.2 - Prob. 7WDLCh. 18.2 - Prob. 8LOCh. 18.2 - Prob. 8WDLCh. 18.3 - Prob. 9LOCh. 18.3 - Prob. 10LOCh. 18.3 - Prob. 11LOCh. 18.3 - Prob. 12LOCh. 18.3 - Describe the process of erythropoiesis, beginning...Ch. 18.3 - What are the two main types of precursor cells for...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 13LOCh. 18.3 - Prob. 14LOCh. 18.3 - Prob. 15LOCh. 18.3 - Prob. 16LOCh. 18.3 - Prob. 2WDTCh. 18.3 - WHAT DO YOU THINK?
3 Why is an individual with...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 11WDLCh. 18.3 - Prob. 12WDLCh. 18.3 - Prob. 13WDLCh. 18.3 - Prob. 17LOCh. 18.3 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
18. Distinguish between...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 19LOCh. 18.3 - Prob. 14WDLCh. 18.3 - Prob. 15WDLCh. 18.3 - Prob. 20LOCh. 18.3 - Prob. 16WDLCh. 18.4 - Prob. 21LOCh. 18.4 - Prob. 22LOCh. 18.4 - Prob. 17WDLCh. 18.4 - Prob. 23LOCh. 18.4 - Prob. 4WDTCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18WDLCh. 18.4 - Prob. 19WDLCh. 18.4 - Prob. 24LOCh. 18.4 - Prob. 25LOCh. 18.4 - Prob. 26LOCh. 18.4 - Prob. 20WDLCh. 18.4 - At what point in blood loss is the sympathetic...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 27LOCh. 18.4 - Prob. 5WDTCh. 18.4 - Prob. 22WDLCh. 18.5 - Prob. 28LOCh. 18.5 - Prob. 29LOCh. 18.5 - Prob. 23WDLCh. 18.5 - Prob. 24WDLCh. 18 - Prob. 1DYBCh. 18 - _____ 2. Which type of leukocyte increases during...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3DYBCh. 18 - Prob. 4DYBCh. 18 - Prob. 5DYBCh. 18 - Prob. 6DYBCh. 18 - Prob. 7DYBCh. 18 - _____ 8. During the recycling of components...Ch. 18 - _____ 9. The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is...Ch. 18 - _____ 10. A clot is best described as a. an...Ch. 18 - How does blood help regulate body temperature?Ch. 18 - What are alpha- and beta-globulins? What do they...Ch. 18 - When blood is centrifuged, a thin, whitish-gray...Ch. 18 - What is the shape of an erythrocyte, and why is...Ch. 18 - How are respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon...Ch. 18 - What are the anatomic characteristics of each type...Ch. 18 - How do the functions of basophils differ from...Ch. 18 - Briefly describe the origin, structure, and...Ch. 18 - Prob. 19DYBCh. 18 - Describe the three phases of hemostasis, and list...Ch. 18 - Use the following paragraph to answer questions...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2CALCh. 18 - Which sequence or pathway best describes the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 4CALCh. 18 - Prob. 5CALCh. 18 - While taking a clinical laboratory class, Marilyn...Ch. 18 - Abby is a nurse on duty in a hospital emergency...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3CSL
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- 3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species (A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences? Species A 3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3 པར『ན་ cm 30 Species B 4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4 cm 10 Species C 0/4, 0/0,3/3, 3/3 020arrow_forward3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species (A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences? Species A 3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3 cm 30 Species B 0/4, 0/0, 3/3, 3/3 cm 10 Species C 4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4 E 0 cm 20 AILarrow_forwardNormal dive (for diving humans) normal breathing dive normal breathing Oz level CO₂ level urgent need to breathe Oz blackout zone high CO₂ triggers breathing 6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in diving humans. • How might the location and slope of the O2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • How might the location and slope of the CO2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • • Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above. How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line differ for diving marine mammals? What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?arrow_forward
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