Chapter 18.2, Problem 4RQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Definition of reduction in terms of oxidation state and electrons needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction: In oxidation-reduction reaction, transfer of electron/s takes place. The transfer of electron, results in the formation of ions. In oxidation, loss of electron/s takes place and in reduction, gain of electron/s takes place.

Answer to Problem 4RQ

In a reaction, if oxidation state decreases and gaining of electrons takes place then the reaction is termed as reduction.

Explanation of Solution

For an element, decrease in oxidation state results in reduction. As the element takes one or more electrons hence, a decrease in oxidation state occurs. Therefore, reduction is caused by gaining electrons. Below equation is the reduction of chlorine:

In this reaction, oxidation state of Cl decreases from 0 to

Conclusion

In oxidation-reduction reaction, oxidizing agents are electron acceptor while reducing agents are electron donor.