
(a)
Interpretation: The element which is getting oxidised and which is getting reduced needs to be identified by assigning oxidation states.
Concept Introduction: A Redox reaction leads to oxidation and reduction processes simultaneously.
(a)

Answer to Problem 50A
Element Cl reduced and O oxidizes.
Explanation of Solution
Assign oxidation number to each atom:
Oxidation half-reaction must include oxidation step in which elements show increase in oxidation state.
Here the oxidation state of Cl decreases from 0 to -1. Thus, the Cl must be reduced.
Oxidation half-reaction must include oxidation step in which elements show increase in oxidation state. Here the oxidation state of O increases from-2 to 0. Thus, the oxygen is oxidized in the given reaction.
(b)
Interpretation: The element which is getting oxidised and which is getting reduced needs to be identified by assigning oxidation states.
Concept Introduction: A Redox reaction leads to oxidation and reduction processes simultaneously. Oxidation and reduction reactions are the processes involved in the loss or gain of electron. Oxidation is the process that is involved in the loss of electrons and oxidized to cation whereas reduction is the process that is involved in the gain of electrons and reduced to anion.
(b)

Answer to Problem 50A
Element O reduced and Ge oxidizes.
Explanation of Solution
Assign oxidation number to each atom:
Oxidation half-reaction must include oxidation step in which elements show increase in oxidation state.
Here the oxidation state of O decreases from 0 to -2. Thus, the O must be reduced.
Oxidation half-reaction must include oxidation step in which elements show increase in oxidation state. Here the oxidation state of Ge increases from-4 to 0. Thus, the Ge is oxidized in the given reaction.
(c)
Interpretation: The element which is getting oxidised and which is getting reduced needs to be identified by assigning oxidation states.
Concept Introduction: A Redox reaction leads to oxidation and reduction processes simultaneously. Oxidation and reduction reactions are the processes involved in the loss or gain of electron. Oxidation is the process that is involved in the loss of electrons and oxidized to cation whereas reduction is the process that is involved in the gain of electrons and reduced to anion.
(c)

Answer to Problem 50A
Element Cl reduced and C oxidizes.
Explanation of Solution
Assign oxidation number to each atom:
Oxidation half-reaction must include oxidation step in which elements show increase in oxidation state.
Here the oxidation state of Cl decreases from 0 to -1. Thus, the Cl must be reduced.
Oxidation half-reaction must include oxidation step in which elements show increase in oxidation state. Here the oxidation state of C increases from-2 to -1. Thus, the C is oxidized in the given reaction.
(d)
Interpretation: The element which is getting oxidised and which is getting reduced needs to be identified by assigning oxidation states.
Concept Introduction: A Redox reaction leads to oxidation and reduction processes simultaneously. Oxidation and reduction reactions are the processes involved in the loss or gain of electron. Oxidation is the process that is involved in the loss of electrons and oxidized to cation whereas reduction is the process that is involved in the gain of electrons and reduced to anion.
(d)

Answer to Problem 50A
Element F reduced and O oxidizes.
Explanation of Solution
Assign oxidation number to each atom:
Oxidation half-reaction must include oxidation step in which elements show increase in oxidation state.
Here the oxidation state of F decreases from 0 to -1. Thus, the F must be reduced.
Oxidation half-reaction must include oxidation step in which elements show increase in oxidation state. Here the oxidation state of O increases from 0 to +2. Thus, the O is oxidized in the given reaction.
Chapter 18 Solutions
World of Chemistry, 3rd edition
- Identify if their reaction is most likely SN1 or SN2 mechanism.arrow_forwardDraw the products formed when the following alkene is treated with 03 followed by Zn, H₂O. Be sure to answer all parts. draw structure ... smaller molar mass product draw structure ... larger molar mass productarrow_forwardComplete the two step reaction show the mechanism for all steps.arrow_forward
- Complete the reaction. Not the mechanism.arrow_forwardDraw the mechanism using the arrows on conventions, including all formal charges and correct arrows. If stereochemical distinction can be made they should be included in the structure of the products.arrow_forwardDraw the epoxide formed when the following alkene is treated with mCPBA. Click the "draw structure" button to launch the drawing utility. draw structure ...arrow_forward
- Rank each of the following substituted benzene molecules in order of which will react fastest (1) to slowest (4) by electrophilic aromatic substitution. Explanation Check CF3 (Choose one) OH (Choose one) H (Choose one) (Choose one) © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacyarrow_forwardIdentifying electron-donating and electron-withdrawing effects For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Molecule Inductive Effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density CF3 O donating O donating O electron-rich O withdrawing withdrawing O no inductive effects O no resonance effects O electron-deficient O similar to benzene OCH3 Explanation Check O donating O donating ○ withdrawing withdrawing O no inductive effects no resonance effects electron-rich electron-deficient O similar to benzene Х © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Centerarrow_forwardThe acid-base chemistry of both EDTA and EBT are important to ensuring that the reactions proceed as desired, thus the pH is controlled using a buffer. What percent of the EBT indicator will be in the desired HIn2- state at pH = 10.5. pKa1 = 6.2 and pKa2 = 11.6 of EBTarrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY





