Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780133922851
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18.2, Problem 4CC
Once mRNA encoding a particular protein reaches the cytoplasm, what are four mechanisms that can regulate the amount of the protein that is active in the cell?
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A gene normally contains an N' terminal ER signal sequence and an internal stop transfer sequence. The ER signal sequence is
recognized and used during the protein trafficking process, as normal. After translation is completed a signal peptidase enzyme
cleaves the N' ER signal sequence but the internal sequence is not cleaved.
Which of the following figures best represents the orientation of the protein product after translation?
N
Extracellular
Extracellular
Extracellular
Extracellular
N
Lumen
Lumen
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Lumen
N'
D
A
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O A
D
When regulatory protein binds to a mature mRNA in the cytoplasm and prevents it from binding to a ribosome, this is an example of:
A) transcriptional control
B) post-transcriptional control
C) post-translational control
D) epigenetic control
E) translational control
Define, explain, and differentiate between, the processes of transcription and translation. What enzymes or sub-cellular structures are responsible for carrying out these processes?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
Ch. 18.1 - How does binding of the trp corepressor to the trp...Ch. 18.1 - Describe the binding of RNA Polymerase,...Ch. 18.1 - WHAT IF? A certain mutation in E. coli changes...Ch. 18.2 - In general, what are the effects of histone...Ch. 18.2 - Compare the roles of general and specific...Ch. 18.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose you compared the nucleotide...Ch. 18.2 - Once mRNA encoding a particular protein reaches...Ch. 18.3 - Compare miRNAs and siRNAs, including their...Ch. 18.3 - WH AT IF? Suppose the mRNA being degraded in...Ch. 18.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS As you learned in Chapter 12,...
Ch. 18.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how the signaling...Ch. 18.4 - How do fruit fly maternal effect genes determine...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 18.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The p53 protein can activate...Ch. 18.5 - Under what circumstances is cancer considered to...Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 18 - Compare and contrast the roles of a corepressor...Ch. 18 - Describe what must happen in a cell for a gene...Ch. 18 - Why are miRNAs called noncoding RNAs? Explsin how...Ch. 18 - Describe the two main processes that cause...Ch. 18 - Compare the usual functions of proteins encoded by...Ch. 18 - If a particular operon encodes enzymes for making...Ch. 18 - Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly...Ch. 18 - The functioning of enhancers is an example of (A)...Ch. 18 - Cell differentiation always involves (A)...Ch. 18 - Which of the following is an example of...Ch. 18 - What would occur if the repressor of an inducible...Ch. 18 - Absence of bicoid in mRNA from a Drosophila egg...Ch. 18 - Which of the following statements about the DNA in...Ch. 18 - Within a cell, the amount of protein made using a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 18 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 18 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 18 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 18 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 18 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS In a Short essay...Ch. 18 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE The flashlight fish has...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- As we learned when studying protein trafficking, proteins need a nuclear localization signal in order to move from the cytosol into the nucleus via the nuclear pore complex. Protein A contains a typical nuclear localization signal but surprisingly is usually found in the cytosol. When the cell is exposed to a certain hormone, protein A moves from the cytosol into the nucleus, where it turns on genes involved in cell division.When you purify protein A from cells that have not been treated with the hormone, you find that protein B is always complexed with it. To determine the function of protein B, you engineer cells lacking the gene for protein B. You compare normal and gene B deletion cells by separating and isolating the proteins found in the cytoplasm and those found in the nucleus. You then run these proteins on a protein electrophoresis gel to separate them by size. You identify the presence of protein A and protein B by looking for their characteristic bands on the gel (which is…arrow_forwardA protein complex in the nucleus is responsible for transporting mRNA molecules into the cytoplasm. Describe the proteins that form this exporter. What two protein groups are probably behind the mechanism involved in the directional movement of the mRNP and exporter into the cytosol?arrow_forwardDefine enhanceosome.arrow_forward
- The following is the only intron sequence of a gene that will be excised during the maturation of the mRNA. But it is not spliced in some tissues, where alternative splicing pattern is seen. Will the amino acid of its protein product following this sequence change? Explain with an example. ATAAGCCAGACTCAGCAarrow_forwardList three potential organelle destinations for a free ribosome (cytosolic-produced) protein via transmembrane protein translocation:arrow_forwardDescribe the mRNA journey through the cell after the nucleus has given the instructions. Describe how each organelle affects the mRNA journey as it travel through the cell and, ultimately, through the cell membrane. Organelles you should mention include the nucleus, nuclear membrane, nucleolus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm, Golgi body, and plasma/cell membrane.arrow_forward
- Define the role of mRNA localization and translational control ?arrow_forwardYou are working in the lab, with a cell-free translational system that contains microsomes. Microsomes are artificial structures derived from pieces of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) formed during tissue homogenization. These microsomes lack the signal recognition particle or SRP. You translate an mRNA that codes for a secretory protein using this system. Which of the following outcomes do you expect? The protein will be synthesized and its signal sequence will be removed The protein will be synthesized and will be incorporated into the microsome O No protein synthesis The protein will be synthesized and will not be incorporated into the microsomearrow_forwardGene Expression: 14) Look at the diagram: a) For each of the molecules in the diagram, identify what type of molecule they are, and label their ends (3',5',N,C). b) For each arrow, name the process and identify the major enzymes involved. c) Where do each of these activities take place in a bacterial cell? In a eukaryotic cell? Draw a picture if it helps you explain it.arrow_forward
- What serves as the controlled factors (give three factors), dependent variable and independent variable for the process of transcription and translation?arrow_forwarddescribe the process of lysosomal hydrolase arriving to the lysosome. without including translationarrow_forward1) Describe the role of the signal sequence and the signal recognition particle (SRP) in targeting and processing proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. 2) What is the function of the trans-Golgi network?arrow_forward
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