Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid has to be stated. Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α − substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 18.18, Problem 38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 18.18, Problem 38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 18.18, Problem 38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 18.18, Problem 38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18.18, Problem 38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Answer 6

Chapter 18.18, Problem 38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Answer 7

Chapter 18.18, Problem 38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 3P Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 4P Ch. 18.1 - PROBLEM 5♦ List the compounds in each of the...Ch. 18.2 - Explain why 92% of 2,4-pemtanedione exists as the...Ch. 18.3 - Draw the enol tautomers for each of the following...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 8P Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 9P Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.

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