Chapter 18.12, Problem 25P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: Among the given pair of compounds, the compound which forms the higher percentage of $gem\text{-diol}$ at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Carbonyl compound reacts with water in presence of acid or base forms $gem\text{-diol}$ or hydrate. The yield of the $gem\text{-diol}$ depends on the stability of the carbonyl compound. Electron donating groups stabilize the carbonyl compounds, decreases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium. Electron withdrawing groups destabilize the carbonyl compounds, increases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: Among the given pair of compounds, the compound which forms the higher percentage of $gem\text{-diol}$ at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Carbonyl compound on treatment with water in presence of acid or base forms $gem\text{-diol}$ or hydrate. The yield of the $gem\text{-diol}$ depends on the stability of the carbonyl compound. Electron donating groups stabilize the carbonyl compounds, decreases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium. Electron withdrawing groups destabilize the carbonyl compounds, increases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium.