The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step. Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed. If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion. Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

Question

6. Match each of the lettered items in the column on the left with the most appropriate numbered item(s) in the column on the right. Some of the numbered items may be used more than once and some not at all. a. Z = 37 1. b. Mn 2. C. Pr element in period 5 and group 14 element in period 5 and group 15 d. S e. [Rn] 7s¹ f. d block metal 3. highest metallic character of all the elements 4. paramagnetic with 5 unpaired electrons 5. 4f36s2 6. isoelectronic with Ca²+ cation 7. an alkaline metal 8. an f-block element

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18.12, Problem 24P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

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6. Match each of the lettered items in the column on the left with the most appropriate numbered item(s) in the column on the right. Some of the numbered items may be used more than once and some not at all. a. Z = 37 1. b. Mn 2. C. Pr element in period 5 and group 14 element in period 5 and group 15 d. S e. [Rn] 7s¹ f. d block metal 3. highest metallic character of all the elements 4. paramagnetic with 5 unpaired electrons 5. 4f36s2 6. isoelectronic with Ca²+ cation 7. an alkaline metal 8. an f-block element

Draw all formal charges on the structures below as is and draw 1 resonance structure that is more stable.

Part II. xiao isolated a compound TAD (Ca H 10 N₂) from tobacco and obtained its IR spectrum. Xiao proposed a chemical structure shown below: % Transmittance 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 Wavenumber (cm-1) 1500 1000 (a) Explain why her proposed structure is inconsistent with the IR spectrum obtained (b) TAD exists as a tautomer of the structure xiao proposed. Draw the structure and explain why it is more compatible with the obtained spectrum. (C) what is the possible source for the fairly intense signal at 1621cm1

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18.12, Problem 24P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18.12, Problem 24P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18.12, Problem 24P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18.12, Problem 24P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

Answer 6

Chapter 18.12, Problem 24P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

Answer 7

Chapter 18.12, Problem 24P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.

Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.

If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.

Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.

Answer 14

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Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 3P Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 4P Ch. 18.1 - PROBLEM 5♦ List the compounds in each of the...Ch. 18.2 - Explain why 92% of 2,4-pemtanedione exists as the...Ch. 18.3 - Draw the enol tautomers for each of the following...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 8P Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 9P Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the following compounds have to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.

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Chapter 18 Solutions