The equations that outline two different syntheses of 3-methyl-3-heptene from 1-butanol and 2- butanol are to be discussed. Concept introduction: The reaction of an aldehyde or a ketone with triphenyl phosphonium ylide results in the formation of an alkene as the final product. This reaction is commonly known as Wittig reaction. In the first step of the reaction, the nucleophilic attack of the ylide on the carbonyl carbon takes place to form betaine. In the second step, the formation of the four-membered ring, oxaphosphetane occurs and in the final step, the alkene is formed as a product.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18.12, Problem 20P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equations that outline two different syntheses of 3-methyl-3-heptene from 1-butanol and 2- butanol are to be discussed.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an aldehyde or a ketone with triphenyl phosphonium ylide results in the formation of an alkene as the final product. This reaction is commonly known as Wittig reaction.

In the first step of the reaction, the nucleophilic attack of the ylide on the carbonyl carbon takes place to form betaine.

In the second step, the formation of the four-membered ring, oxaphosphetane occurs and in the final step, the alkene is formed as a product.

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3. Consider the compounds below and determine if they are aromatic, antiaromatic, or non-aromatic. In case of aromatic or anti-aromatic, please indicate number of I electrons in the respective systems. (Hint: 1. Not all lone pair electrons were explicitly drawn and you should be able to tell that the bonding electrons and lone pair electrons should reside in which hybridized atomic orbital 2. You should consider ring strain- flexibility and steric repulsion that facilitates adoption of aromaticity or avoidance of anti- aromaticity) H H N N: NH2 N Aromaticity (Circle) Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic aromatic TT electrons Me H Me Aromaticity (Circle) Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic aromatic πT electrons H HH…

A chemistry graduate student is studying the rate of this reaction: 2 HI (g) →H2(g) +12(g) She fills a reaction vessel with HI and measures its concentration as the reaction proceeds: time (minutes) [IH] 0 0.800M 1.0 0.301 M 2.0 0.185 M 3.0 0.134M 4.0 0.105 M Use this data to answer the following questions. Write the rate law for this reaction. rate = 0 Calculate the value of the rate constant k. k = Round your answer to 2 significant digits. Also be sure your answer has the correct unit symbol.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18.12, Problem 20P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equations that outline two different syntheses of 3-methyl-3-heptene from 1-butanol and 2- butanol are to be discussed.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an aldehyde or a ketone with triphenyl phosphonium ylide results in the formation of an alkene as the final product. This reaction is commonly known as Wittig reaction.

In the first step of the reaction, the nucleophilic attack of the ylide on the carbonyl carbon takes place to form betaine.

In the second step, the formation of the four-membered ring, oxaphosphetane occurs and in the final step, the alkene is formed as a product.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18.12, Problem 20P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equations that outline two different syntheses of 3-methyl-3-heptene from 1-butanol and 2- butanol are to be discussed.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an aldehyde or a ketone with triphenyl phosphonium ylide results in the formation of an alkene as the final product. This reaction is commonly known as Wittig reaction.

In the first step of the reaction, the nucleophilic attack of the ylide on the carbonyl carbon takes place to form betaine.

In the second step, the formation of the four-membered ring, oxaphosphetane occurs and in the final step, the alkene is formed as a product.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18.12, Problem 20P

Interpretation Introduction