Chapter 18.1, Problem 3PP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The conjugate acid-base pairs in given reaction is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The concept of conjugate acid-base pair is given by Bronsted-Lowry.

According to it,

Acid is a substance which donate hydrogen ion and Base is a substance which accept hydrogen ion.

When acid donates $H^{+}$, the species form is conjugate base and when base accepts $H^{+}$, the species form is conjugate acid.

Answer to Problem 3PP

Conjugate acid: $H_{2}O$

Conjugate base: $N{H}_3$

Explanation of Solution

The equation is:

$N{H}_4{}^{+}+O{H}^{-}\rightleftharpoons N{H}_3+H_{2}O$

Ammonium ion donates hydrogen ions to form ammonia. So it is conjugate base.

Hydroxide ion accepts proton to form water so it is conjugate acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The conjugate acid-base pairs in given reaction is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The concept of conjugate acid-base pair is given by Bronsted-Lowry.

According to it,

Acid is a substance which donate hydrogen ion and Base is a substance which accept hydrogen ion.

When acid donates $H^{+}$, the species form is conjugate base and when base accepts $H^{+}$, the species form is conjugate acid.

Answer to Problem 3PP

Conjugate acid: $H_3{O}^{+}$

Conjugate base: $B{r}^{-}$

Explanation of Solution

The equation is:

$HBr+H_{2}O\rightleftharpoons H_3{O}^{+}+B{r}^{-}$

$HBr$ donates hydrogen ions to form $B{r}^{-}$. So it is conjugate base.

Water accepts proton to form $H_3{O}^{+}$ so it is conjugate acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The conjugate acid-base pairs in given reaction is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The concept of conjugate acid-base pair is given by Bronsted-Lowry.

According to it,

Acid is a substance which donate hydrogen ion and Base is a substance which accept hydrogen ion.

When acid donates $H^{+}$, the species form is conjugate base and when base accepts $H^{+}$, the species form is conjugate acid.

Answer to Problem 3PP

Conjugate acid: $HC{O}_3{}^{-}$

Conjugate base: $O{H}^{-}$

Explanation of Solution

The equation is:

$C{O}_3{}^{2-}+H_{2}O\rightleftharpoons HC{O}_3{}^{-}+O{H}^{-}$

Water donates hydrogen ions to form hydroxide ion. So it is conjugate base.

Carbonate ion accepts proton to form $HC{O}_3{}^{-}$ so it is conjugate acid.