Campbell Biology: Custom Edition
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781323717271
Author: Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky, Reece
Publisher: PEARSON C
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 18.1, Problem 3CC
WHAT IF? Ø A certain mutation in E. coli changes the lac operator so that the active repressor cannot bind. How would this affect the cell's production of β-galactosidase?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
The previously accepted model of the chloramphenicol action was that it inhibited all ribosomes
equally. Why were the authors of the Marks, 2016 paper skeptical of this model? Choose all that are
correct.
Because they had observed that certain bacteria were resistant to chloramphenicol, and this proves that
chloramphenicol stalls ribosomes at certain sites within those bacteria.
Because certain MRNA templates had been observed to be inhibited by chloramphenicol more strongly than
others
Because chloramphenicol induces expression of chloramphenicol resistance proteins through translational arrest
at specific codons in the leader ORFS of chloramphenicol resistance genes, which suggests there is preferential
stalling at certain sites.
Because chloramphenicol induces expression of chloramphenicol resistance proteins - therefore, these proteins
must be able to be translated during chloramphenicol treatment.
Because chloramphenicol binds the decoding center of the 30S subunit, and there are…
Searching the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, researchers found approximately 4,000 DNA sites with a sequence which could potentially bind the yeast transcription factor GAL4. GAL4 activates the transcription of galactose genes. Yet there are only 10 GAL4-binding sites which control the genes necessary for galactose metabolism. The GAL4 binding sequence is CGGAT#AGAAGC*GCCG, where # is T, C or G, and * is C or T.
In one chromatin immunoprecipitation experiment (ChIP), yeast growing on galactose were lysed, and subjected to cross-linking reagents which cross-linked transcription factors and activators to DNA. Next the DNA was sheared into small fragments, and antibodies to GAL4 were added. These antibodies coprecipitated the GAL4 and the DNA it was cross-linked to. The cross-linking was then chemically reversed, and the DNA was isolated, cloned into a library of plasmids and sequenced. Results showed that only 10 different DNA sequences had GAL4 bound. Since the…
The diagram below shows a closeup of regulatory proteins binding to one of the UASG elements near the GAL7, GALI0, and GALI
genes, which code for the protein products needed for yeast to use the sugar galactose. The red triangle symbolizes an "effector"
molecule that binds to Gal80p. In this hypothesis (which has since been shown to be incorrect), what could be happening to Gal80p
when it is bound to the effector molecule that causes it to change its position and uncover the Gal4p transcriptional activation domain.
Hint: think about what effector molecules do upon binding to proteins such as the the Lac repressor protein or the CAP protein.
Galactose absent, glucose absent
Gal80p.
_Activation domain
Gal4p
dimer
-Binding domain
UASG
Galactose present, glucose absent
Activation domain
Gal80p-
Binding domain
UASG
For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac).
Chapter 18 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Custom Edition
Ch. 18.1 - How does binding of the trp corepressor to the trp...Ch. 18.1 - Describe the binding of RNA Polymerase,...Ch. 18.1 - WHAT IF? A certain mutation in E. coli changes...Ch. 18.2 - In general, what are the effects of histone...Ch. 18.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Speculate about whether the same...Ch. 18.2 - Compare the roles of general and specific...Ch. 18.2 - Once mRNA encoding a particular protein reaches...Ch. 18.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose you compared the nucleotide...Ch. 18.3 - Compare miRNAs and siRNAs, including their...Ch. 18.3 - WH AT IF? Suppose the mRNA being degraded in...
Ch. 18.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Inactivation of one of the X...Ch. 18.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS As you learned in Chapter 12,...Ch. 18.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how the signaling...Ch. 18.4 - How do fruit fly maternal effect genes determine...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 18.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.5 - Under what circumstances is cancer considered to...Ch. 18.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The p53 protein can activate...Ch. 18 - Compare and contrast the roles of a corepressor...Ch. 18 - Describe what must happen in a cell for a gene...Ch. 18 - Why are miRNAs called noncoding RNAs? Explsin how...Ch. 18 - Describe the two main processes that cause...Ch. 18 - Compare the usual functions of proteins encoded by...Ch. 18 - If a particular operon encodes enzymes for making...Ch. 18 - Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly...Ch. 18 - The functioning of enhancers is an example of (A)...Ch. 18 - Cell differentiation always involves (A)...Ch. 18 - Which of the following is an example of...Ch. 18 - What would occur if the repressor of an inducible...Ch. 18 - Absence of bicoid in mRNA from a Drosophila egg...Ch. 18 - Which of the following statements about the DNA in...Ch. 18 - Within a cell, the amount of protein made using a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 18 - draw it The diagram below shows five genes,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 18 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 18 - SCIENCE. TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Trace amounts of...Ch. 18 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS In a Short essay...Ch. 18 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE The flashlight fish has...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Practice Exercise 1
Which of the following factors determines the size of an atom? a. the volume of the nucleus...
Chemistry: The Central Science (14th Edition)
Determine [OH], [H+], and the pH of each of the following solutions. a. 1.0 M KCl b. 1.0 M KC2H3O2
Chemistry
Single penny tossed 20 times and counting heads and tails: Probability (prediction): _______/20 heads ________/...
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Describe the role and impact of microbes on the earth.
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
On what molecule does the anticodon appear? Explain the role of this molecule in protein synthesis.
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- 5. Once mTORC1 is activated, it displays protein kinase activity. It phosphorylates the hy- droxy group on serine residues on substrate proteins, many of which are involved in controlling gene expression, via the reaction: MTORC1 + ATP + substrate(Ser-OH) → MTORC1 + ADP + substrate(Ser-PO4) (a) Describe how serine is synthesized in mammalian cells including precursors, intermediates and enzymes. Where does the amino group come from? (b) Once mTORC1 has phosphorylated a serine residue on its substrate, the substrate has a phos- phoserine side chain. Is this phosphoserine side chain different than the side chain of the serine bio- synthetic intermediate 3-phosphoserine, and, if so, how? (c) When mTORC1 is inhibited by the drug rapamycin, cells perform large-scale catabolism of cyto- solic and organellar proteins by proteases in the lysosome. If a protein is phosphorylated on a serine residue and undergoes degradation in the lysosome, phosphoserine can be released back to the cy- tosol.…arrow_forward1. (a) By binding one L-tryptophan molecule/monomer, the trp repressor binds to DNA to sup- press synthesis of L-tryptophan in E. coli. Below is the amino acid sequence of the helix - reverse turn - helix region of the trp repressor that binds to DNA compared to the sequence of the corresponding DNA binding motif of the Prl protein. A diagram of the trp repressor dimer is also shown. Trp Prl Trp Prl 80 -Gly-Glu-Met-Ser-Gln-Arg-Glu-Leu-Lys-Asn-Glu-Leu-Gly-Ala-Gly-Ile- -Ser-Glu-Glu-Ala-Lys-Glu-Glu-Leu-Ala-Lys-Lys-Cys-Gly-Ile-Thr-Val- trp helix 5 70 trp helix 4 Prl helix 80 Prl helix Ala-Thr-Ile-Thr-Arg-Gly-Ser-Asn-Ser-Leu-Lys-Ala-Ala- Ser-Gln-Val-Ser-Asn-Trp-Phe-Gly-Asn-Lys-Arg-Ile-Arg- reverse turn 90 Comparing the two protein sequences above, identify all amino acid pairs that differ in electrostatic charge due to proton dissociable groups (assume pH 7). Indicate the charge of both residues for each such pair. (b) Circle the pair of residues for which the electrostatic charge due to…arrow_forwardIn the: Insertion of G after the 2nd T in the TATA box Explain: (a) What is the process affected? (b) What is the Effect on the process? (c) Does it affect prokaryotes, eukaryotes or both?arrow_forward
- Want solution with explanation ASAParrow_forwardPlease do botharrow_forward. An interesting mutation in lacI results in repressorswith 110-fold increased binding to both operator andnonoperator DNA. These repressors display a “reverse”induction curve, allowing β-galactosidase synthesis inthe absence of an inducer (IPTG) but partly repressingβ-galactosidase expression in the presence of IPTG. Howcan you explain this? (Note that, when IPTG binds a repressor, it does not completely destroy operator affinity,but rather it reduces affinity 110-fold. Additionally, ascells divide and new operators are generated by thesynthesis of daughter strands, the repressor must findthe new operators by searching along the DNA, rapidlybinding to nonoperator sequences and dissociating fromthem.)arrow_forward
- Yes or no? is siRNA result of activity of argonaut? Does RNAi result permanently heritable in expression of genes? Does northern blotting use to detect the expression of a transcription in multiple tissues?arrow_forwardThe following polynucleotide was synthesized and used as a template forpeptide synthesis in a cell-free system from E. coli. …AUAUAUAUAUAUAU… If the same polynucleotide described is used with a mitochondriaderivedcell-free protein-synthesizing system, the product is …Met–Tyr–Met–Tyr–Met–Tyr…What does this say about differences between the mitochondrial and bacterial codes?arrow_forward. Recall that the trp operon has a special leader sequence (trpL) between the operator and the structural genes that offers attenuation as a mechanism for regulation of gene expression. (A) Draw a diagram of a trpL region of the operon when tryptophan is abundant in the cell.Label the following features: the DNA, 5’ and 3’ polarity of the RNA, the regions 1, 2, 3,and 4 and poly-U of the RNA, the pair of Trp codons (UGG), the ribosome, and RNA-Pol,along with any stem-loop structure that would form under these conditions (B) In the above example, will the rest of the trp operon genes be expressed? Briefly describe your reasoning why or why not (C) The trp codons in region 1 of the trpL gene have mutated to cysteines (UGG to UGC). What will be the effect on attenuation gene regulation of the trp operon? Brieflyexplain your reasoning.arrow_forward
- helparrow_forwardWhy are cytosolic hsp70 chaperone proteins required for import of proteins into mitochondria and chloroplasts, but not for translational import into the ER?arrow_forwardIn the: Mutation of the regulatory region for a repressor protein in the lac operon. Explain: (a) What is the process affected? (b) What is the Effect on the process? (c) Does it affect prokaryotes, eukaryotes or both?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781305577206
Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY