
Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18.1, Problem 1LO
Summary Introduction
To define: The scientific theory of evolution.
Introduction: Evolution is one of the most important natural phenomena that is continuously going on in the living world since the origin of life. It is a very important process that ensures survival and maintains differences among the species on Earth. Different scientists and philosophers have come up from time to time with their theories of evolution.
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9. Aerobic respiration of one lipid molecule. The lipid is composed of one glycerol molecule connected to two
fatty acid tails. One fatty acid is 12 carbons long and the other fatty acid is 18 carbons long in the figure
below. Use the information below to determine how much ATP will be produced from the glycerol part of
the lipid. Then, in part B, determine how much ATP is produced from the 2 fatty acids of the lipid. Finally
put the NADH and ATP yields together from the glycerol and fatty acids (part A and B) to determine your
total number of ATP produced per lipid. Assume no other carbon source is available.
18 carbons
fatty acids
12 carbons
9
glycerol
A. Glycerol is broken down to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, a glycolysis intermediate via the following
pathway shown in the figure below. Notice this process costs one ATP but generates one FADH2. Continue
generating ATP with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate using the standard pathway and aerobic respiration.
glycerol
glycerol-3-
phosphate…
Normal dive (for diving humans)
normal
breathing
dive
normal
breathing
Oz level
CO2 level
urgent need
to breathe
Oz blackout zone
high CO2 triggers breathing
6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in
relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in
diving humans.
How might the location and slope of the O₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
How might the location and slope of the CO₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
•
Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above.
How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line
differ for diving marine mammals?
What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability
of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 18.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 18.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 18.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 18.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 18.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 18.3 - Explain the four premises of evolution by natural...Ch. 18.3 - Compare the modern synthesis with Darwins original...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 18.3 - Why are only inherited variations important in the...
Ch. 18.3 - What was missing in Darwins explanation of...Ch. 18.4 - Summarize the evidence for evolution obtained from...Ch. 18.4 - Define biogeography and describe how the...Ch. 18.4 - Describe the evidence for evolution derived from...Ch. 18.4 - Briefly explain how molecular biology and...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 9LOCh. 18.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 18.4 - How can we explain that fossils of Mesosaurus an...Ch. 18.4 - How do homologous and homoplastic features provide...Ch. 18.4 - How does developmental biology provide evidence of...Ch. 18.4 - How do predator preferences drive the evolution of...Ch. 18 - Evolution is based on which of the following...Ch. 18 - Evolution is the accumulation of genetic changes...Ch. 18 - Charles Darwin proposed that evolution could be...Ch. 18 - Which of the following is not part of Darwins...Ch. 18 - The evolution of beak size in the various species...Ch. 18 - The fossil record (a) usually occurs in...Ch. 18 - In _______________ the selecting agent is the...Ch. 18 - Aardvarks, anteaters, and pangolins are only...Ch. 18 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 18 - CONNECT In what way does the modern synthesis...Ch. 18 - CONNECT What types of gene changes are most...Ch. 18 - EVOLUTION LINK The use of model organisms such as...Ch. 18 - EVOLUTION LINK Charles Darwin once said, It is not...Ch. 18 - EVOLUTION LINK Write short paragraphs explaining...Ch. 18 - EVOLUTION LINK Although most salamanders have four...Ch. 18 - INTERPRET DATA Which of the primates in Figure...Ch. 18 - Prob. 17TYU
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- Normal dive (for diving humans) normal breathing dive normal breathing Oz level CO₂ level urgent need to breathe Oz blackout zone high CO₂ triggers breathing 6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in diving humans. • How might the location and slope of the O2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • How might the location and slope of the CO2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • • Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above. How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line differ for diving marine mammals? What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?arrow_forwardHow much ATP will be produced during the following metabolic scenario: Aerobic respiration of a 5mM lipid solution that is made up of one glycerol and an 8-carbon fatty acid and 12-carbon fatty acid. Recall that when glycerol breaks down to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate it costs one ATP but your get an extra FADH2. Every two carbons of a fatty acid break down to one acetyl-CoA. Units cannot be entered in this style of question but the units of your answer should be in mM of ATP.arrow_forwardIf a bacterium using aerobic respiration was to degrade one small protein molecule into 8 molecules of pyruvic acid, how many ATP would that cell make? Assume there is no other carbon source. Units cannot be entered in this style of question but the units of your answer should be in molecules of ATP.arrow_forward
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