Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 10TYU
CONNECT In what way does the modern synthesis strengthen scientific understanding of evolution? (a) is based on the sequence of fossils in rock layers (b) uses genetics to explain the source of hereditary variation that is essential to natural selection (c) was first proposed by ancient Greek scholars (d) considers the influence of the geographic distribution of organisms on their evolution (e) is reinforced by homologies that are explained by common descent
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Using examples, explain how FIVE of the following support the modern theory of evolution.
(i) homologous structures
(ii) analogous structures
(iii) vestigal structures
(iv) fossil record
(v) biogeography
(vi) embryology
(vii) molecular biology
Which of the following statements about convergent evolution is true?
(a) It demonstrates how similar environments can lead to different physical structures.
(b) It demonstrates how similar environments can lead to the same physical structures.
(c) It demonstrates that similarity of structures is due to descent from a common ancestor.
(d) It demonstrates that similarity of structures is due to random chance.
Charles Darwin proposed that evolution could be explained by the differential reproductive success of organisms that resulted from their naturally occurring variation. Darwin called this process (a) coevolution (b) convergent evolution(c) natural selection (d) artificial selection (e) homoplasy
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 18.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 18.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 18.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 18.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 18.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 18.3 - Explain the four premises of evolution by natural...Ch. 18.3 - Compare the modern synthesis with Darwins original...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 18.3 - Why are only inherited variations important in the...
Ch. 18.3 - What was missing in Darwins explanation of...Ch. 18.4 - Summarize the evidence for evolution obtained from...Ch. 18.4 - Define biogeography and describe how the...Ch. 18.4 - Describe the evidence for evolution derived from...Ch. 18.4 - Briefly explain how molecular biology and...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 9LOCh. 18.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 18.4 - How can we explain that fossils of Mesosaurus an...Ch. 18.4 - How do homologous and homoplastic features provide...Ch. 18.4 - How does developmental biology provide evidence of...Ch. 18.4 - How do predator preferences drive the evolution of...Ch. 18 - Evolution is based on which of the following...Ch. 18 - Evolution is the accumulation of genetic changes...Ch. 18 - Charles Darwin proposed that evolution could be...Ch. 18 - Which of the following is not part of Darwins...Ch. 18 - The evolution of beak size in the various species...Ch. 18 - The fossil record (a) usually occurs in...Ch. 18 - In _______________ the selecting agent is the...Ch. 18 - Aardvarks, anteaters, and pangolins are only...Ch. 18 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 18 - CONNECT In what way does the modern synthesis...Ch. 18 - CONNECT What types of gene changes are most...Ch. 18 - EVOLUTION LINK The use of model organisms such as...Ch. 18 - EVOLUTION LINK Charles Darwin once said, It is not...Ch. 18 - EVOLUTION LINK Write short paragraphs explaining...Ch. 18 - EVOLUTION LINK Although most salamanders have four...Ch. 18 - INTERPRET DATA Which of the primates in Figure...Ch. 18 - Prob. 17TYU
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- When two organisms are very distantly related in an evolutionary sense, (a) they should have extremely similar embryonic development. (b) they must share a very recent common ancestor. (c) the sequences of DNA in their genes should be less similar (more different) than those of two more closely related organisms. (d) they should share more homologous traits than two more closely related organisms share.arrow_forwardWhat characteristic(s) of the fossil record make(s) it strong support of evolution? a) It has fossils of many species in it that are not found on earth today. b) It is has a complete record of every form of life ever existing c) Species appear in sediment layers in a consistent pattern d) All fossils are similar to living forms found in the same area as the fossils Group of answer choices A. b and d B. a and b C. c and d D. a and c E. b and carrow_forwardThe presence of homologous structures in two different groups of organisms suggests that (a) the organisms evolved from a common ancestor (b) convergent evolution has occurred (c) they belong to a polyphyletic group (d) homoplasy has occurred (e) independently acquired characters may evolve when organisms inhabit similar environmentsarrow_forward
- 375 million years ago, the population of organisms we call Tiktaalik had variation in many aspects of the appendages including the bones, muscles and nerves. What evolutionary force was likely most responsible for rapid adaptation and the relatively rapid evolution of limbs in this lineage? (A) natural selection (B) NONE of these C) mutations D genetic drift (E) speciationarrow_forwardWhat is an Analogy? A) When an anatomic feature is shared among organisms and their descendants B) When two organisms appear the same C) When convergent evolution produces similar phenotypesarrow_forwardEvolution is based on which of the following concepts? (a) organisms share a common origin (b) over time, organisms have diverged from a common ancestor (c) an animal’s body parts can change over its lifetime, and these acquired changes are passed to the next generation (d) a and b (e) a, b, and carrow_forward
- Traits that are specialized to a particular lineage, and not widely shared among remotely related lineages, are called (a)ancestral (primitive) (b)derived (modified) (c) non adaptivearrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true of natural selection?(a) natural selection acts to preserve favorable traits and eliminate unfavorable traits (b) the offspring of individuals that are better adapted to the environment will make up a larger proportion of the next generation (c) natural selection directs the course of evolution by preserving the traitsacquired during an individual’s lifetime (d) natural selection Test Your Understanding acts on a population’s genetic variability, which arisesthrough mutation (e) natural selection may result in changes in allele frequencies in a populationarrow_forwardWhile the French biologist LaMarck was correct in proposing that evolution does occur, he believed that the long necks of giraffes evolved as generations of giraffes reached for ever higher leaves on the trees. Using these observations, LaMarck proposed the theory that evolution occurs due to the inheritance of characteristics acquired during an organism’s lifetime. From what you know about the scientific method, why is this incorrect?arrow_forward
- Reduced tailbones and the associated remnant muscles in humans are an example of what type of evidence for common descent? (a) artificial selection (b) homologous traits (c) biogeography (d) fossil evidencearrow_forward1a) How do the events surrounding the Peppered Moth during the industrial era in Great Britain support the theory of natural selection? 1b) There exist several categories of evidence that lend credence to the interrelated nature of all organisms alive today. Describe two (2) pieces of evidence that support the theory of evolution (and the notion of a universal common ancestor). 1c) What is leading to the development of antibiotic-resistance bacteria? Why should we be concerned?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is NOT true about evolution? Group of answer choices A-Evolution has been supported by a mounting body of genetic evidence B-Humans share a recent common ancestor with other primates C-The main principle of the theory of evolution is the simple fact that humans evolved from monkeys D-The theory of evolution has been tested and subjected to verification through accumulated evidence (and has not been disproved) E-Evolution can be studied at the microevolutionary or macroevolutionary levelarrow_forward
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