Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781305079243
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Question
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Chapter 18, Problem 84CP

 (a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of αandβ particles produced and the nuclei produced during the complete decay series is to be stated.  Reason for the concern over inhaling radon gas, the solid produced during its decay and its balanced chemical equation is to be stated. 4pCi per liter of air into concentration units of radon per liter of air and moles of radon per liter of air is to be converted.

Concept introduction: A process through which an unstable nuclide loses its energy due to excess of protons or neutrons is known as radioactive decay.

To determine: The number of α and β particles produced during the complete decay series.

 (a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 84CP

Answer

The number of α and β particles produced are 4_ and 2_ .

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The number of α and β particles produced are 4_ and 2_ .

The mass number of 92238U is 238 and the mass number of 86222Rn is 222. The difference in mass number is 238222=16

The number of alpha particles is calculated by the formula,

Alphaparticles=Differenceinmassnumber4

Therefore, the alpha particles are 164=4 .

The atomic number of 92238U is 92 and the mass number of 86222Rn is 86 . Difference in the atomic number is 6 .

The number of beta particles is calculated by the formula,

Betaparticles=(Numberofalphaparticlesproduced)-Differenceinatomicnumber4

Therefore, the number of beta particles is

2×4(9286)=86=2

The number of α and β particles produced are 4_ and 2_ .

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of αandβ particles produced and the nuclei produced during the complete decay series is to be stated.  Reason for the concern over inhaling radon gas, the solid produced during its decay and its balanced chemical equation is to be stated. 4pCi per liter of air into concentration units of radon per liter of air and moles of radon per liter of air is to be converted.

Concept introduction: A process through which an unstable nuclide loses its energy due to excess of protons or neutrons is known as radioactive decay.

To determine: The reason for the concern over inhaling radon gas.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 84CP

Answer

Since, radon gas can cause effective damage if it is ingested, therefore there is a concern over inhaling it.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

Since, radon gas can cause effective damage if it is ingested, therefore there is a concern over inhaling it.

Radon gas increases the risk of lung cancer. Therefore, there is a concern over inhaling it.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of αandβ particles produced and the nuclei produced during the complete decay series is to be stated.  Reason for the concern over inhaling radon gas, the solid produced during its decay and its balanced chemical equation is to be stated. 4pCi per liter of air into concentration units of radon per liter of air and moles of radon per liter of air is to be converted.

Concept introduction: A process through which an unstable nuclide loses its energy due to excess of protons or neutrons is known as radioactive decay.

To determine: The solid produced during the decay of radon and its balanced chemical equation.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 84CP

Answer

The solid particle is polonium and the balanced chemical equation for the given decay process is

86222Rn84218Po+24He

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The solid particle is polonium and the balanced chemical equation for the given decay process is

86222Rn84218Po+24He

The radon decay is characterized by the production of alpha particle. In the alpha particle production, the resultant nuclide has a mass number less by 4 units and atomic number less by 2 units. Therefore, the solid particle produced is polonium.

Since, polonium is a highly radioactive element, therefore, it is a more potent alpha particle producer.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of αandβ particles produced and the nuclei produced during the complete decay series is to be stated.  Reason for the concern over inhaling radon gas, the solid produced during its decay and its balanced chemical equation is to be stated. 4pCi per liter of air into concentration units of radon per liter of air and moles of radon per liter of air is to be converted.

Concept introduction: A process through which an unstable nuclide loses its energy due to excess of protons or neutrons is known as radioactive decay.

To determine: The conversion of 4pCi per liter of air into concentration units of radon per liter of air and moles of radon per liter of air.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 84CP

Answer

The concentration units of 222Rn atoms per liter of air is 7×104Rnatomsperlitreair_ . The concentration units of moles of 222Rn atoms per liter of air is 1.2×10-19molesRnatomsperlitreair_

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The decay constant for alpha decay of 222Rn is 3.713×10-3decaysec-1 .

The half life is 3.11minutes

The conversion of minutes into seconds is done as,

1minute=60seconds

Therefore, the conversion of 3.11minutes into seconds is,

3.11minutes=3.11×60seconds=186.6seconds

The decay constant can be calculated by the formula given below.

k=0.693t1/2

Where,

  • t1/2 is the half life.
  • k is the decay constant.

Substitute the value of half life in the above equation.

k=0.693186.6decaysec-1=3.713×10-3decaysec-1_

The concentration units of 222Rn atoms per liter of air is 39.85Rnatomsperlitreair_ .

The conversion of pCi to Ci is done as,

1pCi=1×1012Ci

Therefore, the conversion of 4pCi to Ci is,

4pCi=4×1×1012Ci=4×1012Ci

The conversion of Ci to decay s1 is done as,

1Ci=3.7×1010decays-1

Therefore, the conversion of 4×1012Ci to decay s1 is,

4×1012Ci=4×1012×3.7×1010decays-1

Therefore, the concentration units of 222Rn atoms per liter of air is

4×1012×3.7×10103.713×10-3=39.85Rnatomsperlitreair_

The concentration units of moles of 222Rn atoms per liter of air is 6.6174×10-23mole/LRn_

The concentration units of moles of 222Rn atoms per liter of air is calculated as,

6.022×1023Rnatomsin1mole39.85Rnatomsin39.856.022×1023mole=6.6174×10-23mole/LRn_

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Chapter 18 Solutions

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

Ch. 18 - Prob. 1QCh. 18 - Prob. 2QCh. 18 - Prob. 3QCh. 18 - Prob. 4QCh. 18 - Prob. 5QCh. 18 - Prob. 6QCh. 18 - Prob. 7QCh. 18 - Prob. 8QCh. 18 - Prob. 9QCh. 18 - Prob. 10QCh. 18 - Prob. 11ECh. 18 - Prob. 12ECh. 18 - Prob. 13ECh. 18 - Prob. 14ECh. 18 - Prob. 15ECh. 18 - Prob. 16ECh. 18 - Prob. 17ECh. 18 - Prob. 18ECh. 18 - Prob. 19ECh. 18 - Prob. 20ECh. 18 - Prob. 21ECh. 18 - Prob. 22ECh. 18 - Prob. 23ECh. 18 - Prob. 24ECh. 18 - Prob. 25ECh. 18 - Prob. 26ECh. 18 - Prob. 27ECh. 18 - Prob. 28ECh. 18 - Prob. 29ECh. 18 - Prob. 30ECh. 18 - Prob. 31ECh. 18 - Prob. 32ECh. 18 - Prob. 33ECh. 18 - Prob. 34ECh. 18 - Prob. 35ECh. 18 - Prob. 36ECh. 18 - Prob. 37ECh. 18 - Prob. 38ECh. 18 - Prob. 39ECh. 18 - Prob. 40ECh. 18 - Prob. 41ECh. 18 - Prob. 42ECh. 18 - Prob. 43ECh. 18 - Prob. 44ECh. 18 - Prob. 45ECh. 18 - Prob. 46ECh. 18 - Prob. 47ECh. 18 - Prob. 48ECh. 18 - Prob. 49ECh. 18 - Prob. 50ECh. 18 - Prob. 51ECh. 18 - Prob. 52ECh. 18 - Prob. 53ECh. 18 - A chemist studied the reaction mechanism for the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 55ECh. 18 - Prob. 56ECh. 18 - Prob. 57ECh. 18 - Prob. 58ECh. 18 - Prob. 59AECh. 18 - Prob. 60AECh. 18 - Prob. 61AECh. 18 - Prob. 62AECh. 18 - Prob. 63AECh. 18 - Prob. 64AECh. 18 - Prob. 65AECh. 18 - Prob. 66AECh. 18 - Prob. 67AECh. 18 - Prob. 68AECh. 18 - Prob. 69AECh. 18 - Prob. 70AECh. 18 - Prob. 71AECh. 18 - Prob. 72AECh. 18 - Prob. 73CWPCh. 18 - Prob. 74CWPCh. 18 - Prob. 75CWPCh. 18 - Prob. 76CWPCh. 18 - Prob. 77CWPCh. 18 - Prob. 78CWPCh. 18 - Prob. 79CPCh. 18 - Prob. 80CPCh. 18 - Prob. 81CPCh. 18 - Prob. 82CPCh. 18 - Prob. 83CPCh. 18 - Prob. 84CPCh. 18 - Prob. 85CPCh. 18 - Prob. 86CPCh. 18 - Prob. 87IPCh. 18 - Prob. 88IP
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