(a) The role of fasting in the experiment is to be determined. (b) Causes of high level of ammonia in the experiment group and the reason for the absence of arginine which leads to ammonia toxicity. Also determine the reason that arginine is an essential amino acid in cats. (c) The reason that ornithine is substituted for arginine. Introduction : In an experiment carried out some years ago, cats were fasted overnight and then given a single meal having all amino acids expect arginine. The ammonia levels in blood increased from a usual level of 18 μg/L to 140 μg/L and the cats proved to have clinical symptoms of ammonia toxicity.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 6P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: (a) The role of fasting in the experiment is to be determined. (b) Causes of high level of ammonia in the experiment group and the reason for the absence of arginine which leads to ammonia toxicity. Also determine the reason that arginine is an essential amino acid in cats. (c) The reason that ornithine is substituted for arginine.

Introduction:

In an experiment carried out some years ago, cats were fasted overnight and then given a single meal having all amino acids expect arginine. The ammonia levels in blood increased from a usual level of 18 μg/L to 140 μg/L and the cats proved to have clinical symptoms of ammonia toxicity.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The causes that led to increase in the level of ammonia in the experiment group. The reason that arginine deficiency leads to ammonia toxicity. Also identify whether arginine is an essential amino acid in cats or not. Give reason.

Introduction:

The mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes in the urea cycle are clustered. The citrulline transported out of mitochondria is not diluted but is passed to the active site of argininosuccinate synthetase directly.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that ornithine be substituted for arginine.

Introduction:

To initiate the urea cycle, ornithine is transported into the mitochondria. This channeling between enzymes includes argininosuccinate, arginine, and ornithine.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 6P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: (a) The role of fasting in the experiment is to be determined. (b) Causes of high level of ammonia in the experiment group and the reason for the absence of arginine which leads to ammonia toxicity. Also determine the reason that arginine is an essential amino acid in cats. (c) The reason that ornithine is substituted for arginine.

Introduction:

In an experiment carried out some years ago, cats were fasted overnight and then given a single meal having all amino acids expect arginine. The ammonia levels in blood increased from a usual level of 18 μg/L to 140 μg/L and the cats proved to have clinical symptoms of ammonia toxicity.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The causes that led to increase in the level of ammonia in the experiment group. The reason that arginine deficiency leads to ammonia toxicity. Also identify whether arginine is an essential amino acid in cats or not. Give reason.

Introduction:

The mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes in the urea cycle are clustered. The citrulline transported out of mitochondria is not diluted but is passed to the active site of argininosuccinate synthetase directly.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that ornithine be substituted for arginine.

Introduction:

To initiate the urea cycle, ornithine is transported into the mitochondria. This channeling between enzymes includes argininosuccinate, arginine, and ornithine.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 6P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: (a) The role of fasting in the experiment is to be determined. (b) Causes of high level of ammonia in the experiment group and the reason for the absence of arginine which leads to ammonia toxicity. Also determine the reason that arginine is an essential amino acid in cats. (c) The reason that ornithine is substituted for arginine.

Introduction:

In an experiment carried out some years ago, cats were fasted overnight and then given a single meal having all amino acids expect arginine. The ammonia levels in blood increased from a usual level of 18 μg/L to 140 μg/L and the cats proved to have clinical symptoms of ammonia toxicity.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The causes that led to increase in the level of ammonia in the experiment group. The reason that arginine deficiency leads to ammonia toxicity. Also identify whether arginine is an essential amino acid in cats or not. Give reason.

Introduction:

The mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes in the urea cycle are clustered. The citrulline transported out of mitochondria is not diluted but is passed to the active site of argininosuccinate synthetase directly.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that ornithine be substituted for arginine.

Introduction:

To initiate the urea cycle, ornithine is transported into the mitochondria. This channeling between enzymes includes argininosuccinate, arginine, and ornithine.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 6P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: (a) The role of fasting in the experiment is to be determined. (b) Causes of high level of ammonia in the experiment group and the reason for the absence of arginine which leads to ammonia toxicity. Also determine the reason that arginine is an essential amino acid in cats. (c) The reason that ornithine is substituted for arginine.

Introduction:

In an experiment carried out some years ago, cats were fasted overnight and then given a single meal having all amino acids expect arginine. The ammonia levels in blood increased from a usual level of 18 μg/L to 140 μg/L and the cats proved to have clinical symptoms of ammonia toxicity.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The causes that led to increase in the level of ammonia in the experiment group. The reason that arginine deficiency leads to ammonia toxicity. Also identify whether arginine is an essential amino acid in cats or not. Give reason.

Introduction:

The mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes in the urea cycle are clustered. The citrulline transported out of mitochondria is not diluted but is passed to the active site of argininosuccinate synthetase directly.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that ornithine be substituted for arginine.

Introduction:

To initiate the urea cycle, ornithine is transported into the mitochondria. This channeling between enzymes includes argininosuccinate, arginine, and ornithine.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 6P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: (a) The role of fasting in the experiment is to be determined. (b) Causes of high level of ammonia in the experiment group and the reason for the absence of arginine which leads to ammonia toxicity. Also determine the reason that arginine is an essential amino acid in cats. (c) The reason that ornithine is substituted for arginine.

Introduction:

In an experiment carried out some years ago, cats were fasted overnight and then given a single meal having all amino acids expect arginine. The ammonia levels in blood increased from a usual level of 18 μg/L to 140 μg/L and the cats proved to have clinical symptoms of ammonia toxicity.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The causes that led to increase in the level of ammonia in the experiment group. The reason that arginine deficiency leads to ammonia toxicity. Also identify whether arginine is an essential amino acid in cats or not. Give reason.

Introduction:

The mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes in the urea cycle are clustered. The citrulline transported out of mitochondria is not diluted but is passed to the active site of argininosuccinate synthetase directly.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that ornithine be substituted for arginine.

Introduction:

To initiate the urea cycle, ornithine is transported into the mitochondria. This channeling between enzymes includes argininosuccinate, arginine, and ornithine.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 6P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: (a) The role of fasting in the experiment is to be determined. (b) Causes of high level of ammonia in the experiment group and the reason for the absence of arginine which leads to ammonia toxicity. Also determine the reason that arginine is an essential amino acid in cats. (c) The reason that ornithine is substituted for arginine.

Introduction:

In an experiment carried out some years ago, cats were fasted overnight and then given a single meal having all amino acids expect arginine. The ammonia levels in blood increased from a usual level of 18 μg/L to 140 μg/L and the cats proved to have clinical symptoms of ammonia toxicity.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 6P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: (a) The role of fasting in the experiment is to be determined. (b) Causes of high level of ammonia in the experiment group and the reason for the absence of arginine which leads to ammonia toxicity. Also determine the reason that arginine is an essential amino acid in cats. (c) The reason that ornithine is substituted for arginine.

Introduction:

In an experiment carried out some years ago, cats were fasted overnight and then given a single meal having all amino acids expect arginine. The ammonia levels in blood increased from a usual level of 18 μg/L to 140 μg/L and the cats proved to have clinical symptoms of ammonia toxicity.

Answer 8

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The causes that led to increase in the level of ammonia in the experiment group. The reason that arginine deficiency leads to ammonia toxicity. Also identify whether arginine is an essential amino acid in cats or not. Give reason.

Introduction:

The mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes in the urea cycle are clustered. The citrulline transported out of mitochondria is not diluted but is passed to the active site of argininosuccinate synthetase directly.

Answer 9

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The causes that led to increase in the level of ammonia in the experiment group. The reason that arginine deficiency leads to ammonia toxicity. Also identify whether arginine is an essential amino acid in cats or not. Give reason.

Introduction:

The mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes in the urea cycle are clustered. The citrulline transported out of mitochondria is not diluted but is passed to the active site of argininosuccinate synthetase directly.

Answer 10

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that ornithine be substituted for arginine.

Introduction:

To initiate the urea cycle, ornithine is transported into the mitochondria. This channeling between enzymes includes argininosuccinate, arginine, and ornithine.

Answer 11

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that ornithine be substituted for arginine.

Introduction:

To initiate the urea cycle, ornithine is transported into the mitochondria. This channeling between enzymes includes argininosuccinate, arginine, and ornithine.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 18 - Prob. 1P Ch. 18 - Prob. 2P Ch. 18 - Prob. 3P Ch. 18 - Prob. 4P Ch. 18 - Prob. 5P Ch. 18 - Prob. 6P Ch. 18 - Prob. 7P Ch. 18 - Prob. 8P Ch. 18 - Prob. 9P Ch. 18 - Prob. 10P

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To determine: The reason that ornithine be substituted for arginine.

Introduction:

To initiate the urea cycle, ornithine is transported into the mitochondria. This channeling between enzymes includes argininosuccinate, arginine, and ornithine.

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Chapter 18 Solutions

Concept explainers

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To determine: The reason that ornithine be substituted for arginine. Introduction: To initiate the urea cycle, ornithine is transported into the mitochondria. This channeling between enzymes includes argininosuccinate, arginine, and ornithine.

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Chapter 18 Solutions

To determine: The reason that ornithine be substituted for arginine.

Introduction:

To initiate the urea cycle, ornithine is transported into the mitochondria. This channeling between enzymes includes argininosuccinate, arginine, and ornithine.