
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Balanced equation for the alpha decay of plutonium-239 has to be written.
(a)

Explanation of Solution
Alpha emission results in the formation of nucleus that has mass number less by 4 and
(b)
Interpretation:
Mass of plutonium-239 present after 1000 year has to be calculated.
(b)

Explanation of Solution
Given mass of plutonium-239 is
Decay rate constant can be calculated as shown below,
The mass of plutonium-239 that remains after 1000 years can be calculated as shown below,
Therefore, mass of plutonium present after 1000 years is
(c)
Interpretation:
Amount of energy given off by alpha emission of plutonium-239 has to be calculated.
(c)

Explanation of Solution
Change in mass for the alpha emission of plutonium-239 can be calculated as shown below,
Nuclear binding energy is calculated as shown below,
(d)
Interpretation:
Time required for the activity of plutonium-239 to decrease to
(d)

Explanation of Solution
Given mass of plutonium-239 is
Decay rate constant can be calculated as shown below,
Initial activity is
Time required is calculated as
(e)
Interpretation:
Radiation that is received by
(e)

Explanation of Solution
Given mass of plutonium-239 is
Decay rate constant can be calculated as shown below,
First-order rate law can be used to determine the mass of plutonium-239 after
Energy that is released can be calculated as shown below,
The emission in rads can be calculated as shown below,
Effective dose in rem can be calculated using the quality factor as shown below,
(f)
Interpretation:
The factors that has to be considered for burial and storage has to be commented.
(f)

Explanation of Solution
Time that is required to reduce the potency of plutonium-239 is thousands of years in macroscopic quantities. Thus the burial and storage of plutonium-239 has to be done in a remote location that will not be used for any other purpose. The burial unit has to be properly marked as dangerous and fenced. The site has to be inaccessible to the general public. This site also should have a minimal number of burrowing animal life and rooted plants. Apart from this air testing and periodic soil testing has to be feasible.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
- Michael Reactions 19.52 Draw the products from the following Michael addition reactions. 1. H&C CH (a) i 2. H₂O* (b) OEt (c) EtO H₂NEt (d) ΕΙΟ + 1. NaOEt 2. H₂O' H H 1. NaOEt 2. H₂O*arrow_forwardRank the labeled protons (Ha-Hd) in order of increasing acidity, starting with the least acidic. НОН НЬ OHd Онсarrow_forwardCan the target compound at right be efficiently synthesized in good yield from the unsubstituted benzene at left? ? starting material target If so, draw a synthesis below. If no synthesis using reagents ALEKS recognizes is possible, check the box under the drawing area. Be sure you follow the standard ALEKS rules for submitting syntheses. + More... Note for advanced students: you may assume that you are using a large excess of benzene as your starting material. C :0 T Add/Remove step Garrow_forward
- The following equations represent the formation of compound MX. What is the AH for the electron affinity of X (g)? X₂ (g) → 2X (g) M (s) → M (g) M (g) M (g) + e- AH = 60 kJ/mol AH = 22 kJ/mol X (g) + e-X (g) M* (g) +X (g) → MX (s) AH = 118 kJ/mol AH = ? AH = -190 kJ/mol AH = -100 kJ/mol a) -80 kJ b) -30 kJ c) -20 kJ d) 20 kJ e) 156 kJarrow_forwardA covalent bond is the result of the a) b) c) d) e) overlap of two half-filled s orbitals overlap of a half-filled s orbital and a half-filled p orbital overlap of two half-filled p orbitals along their axes parallel overlap of two half-filled parallel p orbitals all of the abovearrow_forwardCan the target compound at right be efficiently synthesized in good yield from the unsubstituted benzene at left? starting material target If so, draw a synthesis below. If no synthesis using reagents ALEKS recognizes is possible, check the box under the drawing area. Be sure you follow the standard ALEKS rules for submitting syntheses. + More... Note for advanced students: you may assume that you are using a large excess of benzene as your starting material. C T Add/Remove step X ноarrow_forward
- Which one of the following atoms should have the largest electron affinity? a) b) c) d) 으으 e) 1s² 2s² 2p6 3s¹ 1s² 2s² 2p5 1s² 2s² 2p 3s² 3p² 1s² 2s 2p 3s² 3p6 4s2 3ds 1s² 2s² 2p6arrow_forwardAll of the following are allowed energy levels except _. a) 3f b) 1s c) 3d d) 5p e) 6sarrow_forwardA student wants to make the following product in good yield from a single transformation step, starting from benzene. Add any organic reagents the student is missing on the left-hand side of the arrow, and any addition reagents that are necessary above or below the arrow. If this product can't be made in good yield with a single transformation step, check the box below the drawing area. Note for advanced students: you may assume that an excess of benzene is used as part of the reaction conditions. : ☐ + I X This product can't be made in a single transformation step.arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning




