Chapter 18, Problem 21QRT

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nuclear equation for the radioactive decay that the unstable isotope Neon-19 undergoes has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Peninsula of stability is the one where the nucleus present is stable.  If the nucleus is above or below the peninsula of stability the nucleus will be unstable and it undergoes radioactive decay to form the nucleus in a way that it comes in ashore on peninsula.  The elements nuclei beyond bismuth are unstable and they undergo alpha particle emission.  If the isotope has too many neutrons, then beta emission takes place, where the neutrons are converted into protons and electrons are ejected.  Nuclei that are lighter which is present below the peninsula of stability have few neutrons and they undergo positron emission or electron capture resulting in conversion of a proton into neutron.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nuclear equation for the radioactive decay that the unstable isotope Thorium-230 undergoes has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nuclear equation for the radioactive decay that the unstable isotope Bromine-82 undergoes has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nuclear equation for the radioactive decay that the unstable isotope Polonium-212 undergoes has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).