Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The most effective and the least effective reagent that can reduce a solution of
Concept introduction:
A complex ion is essentially a polyatomic cation or anion that has a central metal ion to which other groups (molecules or ions) called ligands are attached.
The formation constant, of a complex ion is the equilibrium constant the equilibrium constant that is used to represent the formation of a complex ion from a central ion and its attached groups.
For equilibrium reactions, a principle called Le-chatelier’s principle comes into play. It states that equilibrium is always favored in the direction which counteracts the effect of any change in concentration.
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General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
- In the presence of NH3, Cu2+ forms the complex ion Cu(NH3)42+. If the equilibrium concentrations of Cu2+ and Cu(NH3)42+ are 1.8 1017 M and 1.0 103 M, respectively, in a 1.5-M NH3 solution, calculate the value for the overall formation constant of Cu(NH3)42+. Cu2+(aq)+4NH3(aq)Cu(NH3)42+(aq)Koverall=?arrow_forwardThe solubility of cadmium oxalate. CdC2O4, in 0.150 M ammonia is 6.1 103 mol/L. What is the oxalate-ion concentration in the saturated solution? If the solubility product constant for cadmium oxalate is 1.5 108, what must be the cadmium-ion concentration in the solution? Now calculate the formation constant for the complex ion Cd(NH3)42+.arrow_forwardWrite equations for the stepwise formation of each of the following complex ions. a. CoF63 b. Zn(NH3)42+arrow_forward
- What is a complex ion? The stepwise formation constants for the complex ion Cu(NH3)42+ are K1 1 103, K2 1 104, K3 = 1 103, and K4 1 103. Write the reactions that refer to each of these formation constants. Given that the values of the formation constants are large, what can you deduce about the equilibrium concentration of Cu(NH3)42+ versus the equilibrium concentration of Cu2+?arrow_forwardSometimes equilibria fur complex ions are described in terms of dissociation constants. Kd . For the complex ion AlF63- the dissociation reaction is: AlF63Al3++6F and Kd=[Al3+][F]6[AlF63]=21024 Calculate the value of the formation constant, Kf, for AlF63-.arrow_forwardAt 25C, 10.24 mg of Cr(OH)2 are dissolved in enough water to make 125 mL of solution. When equilibrium is established, the solution has a pH of 8.49. Estimate Ksp for Cr(OH)2.arrow_forward
- Solid Pbl2 (Ksp = 9.8 109) is placed in a beaker of water. After a period of time, the lead(II) concentration is measured and found to be 1.1 103 M. Has the system reached equilibrium? That is, is the solution saturated? If not, will more Pbl2 dissolve?arrow_forwardUse the formation constant of [Au(CN)2] in Appendix K to determine the equilibrium concentration of Au+(aq) in a solution that is 0.0071 M CN and 1.1 104 M [Au(CN)2]. Is it reasonable to conclude that 100% of the gold in solution is present as the [Au(CN)2] complex ion? Explain.arrow_forwardCalculate concentration of species in a solution containing a complex ion. In the presence of excess OH", the Al³+ (aq) ion forms a hydroxide complex ion, Al(OH)4. Calculate the concentration of free Al³+ ion when 1.20x10-2 mol AI(CH3COO) 3(S) is added to 1.00 L of solution in which [OH ] is held constant (buffered at pH 12.90). For Al(OH)4, Kf = 1.1x1033. [A1³+] = Check & Submit Answer Show Approach Marrow_forward
- Calculate concentration of species in a solution containing a complex ion. In the presence of excess OH', the Al³+ (aq) ion forms a hydroxide complex ion, AI(OH)4. Calculate the concentration of free Al³+ ion when 1.01x102 mol AI(NO3)3(s) is added to 1.00 L of solution in which [OH ] is held constant (buffered at pH 12.50). For Al(OH)4, K=1.1x1033 [A1³]= Marrow_forwardConsider the following complex ion: [Cu(NH3)4]2+ Calculate the concentration of free, uncomplexed Cu2+ ions in a solution that originally contains a total of 1.0 × 10-3 M copper (II) ions and an equilibrium concentration of 0.10 M NH3. (Kf=4.8 x 1012)arrow_forwardThe formation constant of a complex ion [M(NH3)4]2+(aq) is 8.8E8. If a solution is prepared by adding 0.4 mol of [M(NH3)4]Cl2 to 525.0 mL of water, what is the equilibrium concentration of free M2+(aq) ions? Include 3 significant figuresarrow_forward
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