Chapter 18, Problem 40PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The substitution of given following compounds most and least activated should be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

Electrophilic aromatic substitution is anywhere benzene acts as a nucleophile to return a substituent with a new electrophile. so as to is, benzene needs to donate electrons from within the ring.

Given that the halogens are very electronegative they reason inductive withdrawal (pulling out of electrons from the carbon atom of benzene).

Given that the halogens have non-bonding electrons they can give electron density during pi bonding (resonance donation).

Electrophilic substitution reactions are chemical reactions in which an electrophile displaces a useful group in a compound, which is typically, extra than not always, and a hydrogen atom. The other main type of electrophilic substitution reaction is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.