General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321967466
Author: Karen C. Timberlake
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 18, Problem 40CI
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
A Haworth projection is a way of writing a structural formula to represent the cyclic structure of monosaccharides.
Concept introduction:
l A Haworth projection is a way of writing a structural formula to represent the cyclic structure of monosaccharides.
l A glycosidic bond is a covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate to another
Interpretation Introduction
To determine:
a. To determine the Haworth Structures for the product of the oxidation reaction of the hydroxyl group on carbon 6 in β-D-glucose to form β-D-gluconic acid.
b. To determine the Haworth structure of β-D-glucosamine.
c. To determine the Haworth structure for the amide of β-D-glucosamine and acetic acid.
d. To determine the two types of glycosidic bonds that links the monosaccharides in hyaluronic acid.
e. To determine the structure for a section of chitin with two N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units linked by β(1→4)-glycosidic bonds.
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5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the
product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15%
glycerin by weight.
If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate;
e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt).
f. Moles of CO2 evolved.
g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed.
h. Conversion efficiency.
i. Per cent excess of excess reactant.
Reactions:
Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6
Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3
Show work. don't give Ai generated solution. How many carbons and hydrogens are in the structure?
13. (11pts total) Consider the arrows pointing at three different carbon-carbon bonds in the
molecule depicted below.
Bond B
2°C. +2°C. cleavage
Bond A
•CH3 + 26.← Cleavage
2°C. +
Bond C
+3°C•
CH3 2C
Cleavage
E
2°C. 26.
weakest bond
Intact molecule
Strongest 3°C 20.
Gund
Largest
argest
a. (2pts) Which bond between A-C is weakest? Which is strongest? Place answers in
appropriate boxes.
C
Weakest
bond
A
Produces
Most
Bond
Strongest
Bond
Strongest Gund
produces least stable
radicals
Weakest
Stable radical
b. (4pts) Consider the relative stability of all cleavage products that form when bonds A,
B, AND C are homolytically cleaved/broken. Hint: cleavage products of bonds A, B,
and C are all carbon radicals.
i. Which ONE cleavage product is the most stable? A condensed or bond line
representation is fine.
13°C. formed in
bound C
cleavage
ii. Which ONE cleavage product is the least stable? A condensed or bond line
representation is fine.
• CH3
methyl radical
Formed in Gund A Cleavage
c.…
Chapter 18 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life (5th Edition)
Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 18.1QAPCh. 18.1 - Prob. 18.2QAPCh. 18.1 - Prob. 18.3QAPCh. 18.1 - Prob. 18.4QAPCh. 18.1 - Prob. 18.5QAPCh. 18.1 - Prob. 18.6QAPCh. 18.1 - Prob. 18.7QAPCh. 18.1 - Prob. 18.8QAPCh. 18.1 - Prob. 18.9QAPCh. 18.1 - Prob. 18.10QAP
Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 18.11QAPCh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.12QAPCh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.13QAPCh. 18.2 - Assign the boiling point of 3 C, 48 C, or 97 C to...Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 18.15QAPCh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.16QAPCh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.17QAPCh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.18QAPCh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.19QAPCh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.20QAPCh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.21QAPCh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.22QAPCh. 18.3 - Prob. 18.23QAPCh. 18.3 - Prob. 18.24QAPCh. 18.3 - Prob. 18.25QAPCh. 18.3 - Prob. 18.26QAPCh. 18.3 - Prob. 18.27QAPCh. 18.3 - Prob. 18.28QAPCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.29QAPCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.30QAPCh. 18.4 - When is a neurotransmitter released into the...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 18.32QAPCh. 18.4 - Why is it important to remove a neurotransmitter...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 18.34QAPCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.35QAPCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.36QAPCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.37QAPCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.38QAPCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.39QAPCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.40QAPCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.41QAPCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.42QAPCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.43QAPCh. 18.4 - What happens if there is an excess of glutamate in...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 18.45QAPCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.46QAPCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.47QAPCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.48QAPCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.49QAPCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.50QAPCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.51QAPCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.52QAPCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.53QAPCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.54QAPCh. 18.6 - Prob. 18.55QAPCh. 18.6 - Prob. 18.56QAPCh. 18.6 - Prob. 18.57QAPCh. 18.6 - Name the functional groups in enrofloxacin.Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 18.59QAPCh. 18.6 - Prob. 18.60QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.61UTCCh. 18 - 18.62 Some aspirin substitutes contain phenacetin...Ch. 18 - Neo-Synephrine is the active ingredient in some...Ch. 18 - Melatonin is a naturally occurring compound n...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.65UTCCh. 18 - Prob. 18.66UTCCh. 18 - Prob. 18.67UTCCh. 18 - Prob. 18.68UTCCh. 18 - Give the IUPAC and common names (if any) and...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.70AQAPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.71AQAPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.72AQAPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.73AQAPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.74AQAPCh. 18 - In each of the following pairs, indicate the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.76AQAPCh. 18 - Give the IUPAC name for each of the following...Ch. 18 - Give the IUPAC name for each of the following...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.79AQAPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.80AQAPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.81AQAPCh. 18 - Toradol (ketorolac) is used in dentistry to...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.83AQAPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.84AQAPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.85AQAPCh. 18 - What is the structural difference between...Ch. 18 - What does the abbreviation SSRI signify? (18.4)Ch. 18 - Give an example of an SSRI and its role in...Ch. 18 - 18.89 There are four amine isomers with the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.90CQCh. 18 - Use the Internet to look up the structural formula...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.92CQCh. 18 - Prob. 18.93CQCh. 18 - Prob. 18.94CQCh. 18 - Prob. 35CICh. 18 - Prob. 36CICh. 18 - Prob. 37CICh. 18 - Prob. 38CICh. 18 - Prob. 39CICh. 18 - Prob. 40CI
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