Evolution
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781605356051
Author: Douglas Futuyma, Mark Kirkpatrick
Publisher: SINAUER
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 18, Problem 3PDT
Summary Introduction
To explain: The reason for the wide distribution of ratities based on several phylogenetic studies.
Introduction: Ratities are a group of flightless birds. They originate from the Gondwana region. Most of them are now extinct. Cassowaries and rheas are examples of living ratities, which are found in Australia and New Guinea, and South America, respectively. Being so scattered, their phylogenetic studies have been very complicated.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
In a phylogenetic analysis of several bird species, a researcher uses a species of reptile as an
outgroup. Which of the following is the main reason for including an outgroup in the analysis?
To identify ancestral traits shared by the bird species
To determine the overall genetic diversity of the bird species
To establish a new monophyletic group including both bird and reptile species
To analyze the convergent evolution of bird and reptile species
Use the following matrix to create a phylogenetic tree showing the relationship of the species. Mark the position of species and traits on your tree.
+: is to represent the presence of the traits
-: is to represent the absence of the traits
Use the data below to make a Phylogenetic tree AND after circle the different different clades/monophyletic group (many will overlap and that’s okay)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A study inferred a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on sequence data from a specific gene. Numbers represent bootstrap support values for each clade. Based on the study's findings, how certain should we be that marsupials are sister to placental mammals, rather than monotremes? What number is used to represent this certainty, and how was it calculated?arrow_forwardBelow is a phylogeny depicting the relationship among eight animal species (A to H). Next to the species names are the tooth morphology of each species. For example, species A has prominent molar teeth, thus likely a herbivore. On the other hand, species C has prominent canine teeth, thus likely a carnivore. Which of the following statements is correct? The most recent common ancestor for species A to H is probably a carnivore. The most recent common ancestor for species A to H is probably a herbivore. It is impossible to tell what the main food source is for the most recent common ancestor of species A to H. For species C, D, E, F, G, there are four evolutionary events that lead to the evolution of canine tooth morphology. IF the common ancestor of species C, D, E, F, G is a carnivore, then the molar teeth for species D is a plesiomorphy.arrow_forwardDraw a phylogenetic reconstruction for the hypothetical frog species. Once you have a cladogram you feel confident about, use lines and labels on cladogram to indicate where character states hanged. How many evolutionary changes occurred in your phylogeny? Is there evidence of an evolutionary convergence having occurred in your phylogeny? How about evolutionary reversals?arrow_forward
- Construct a phylogenetic tree with the species and label the traits according to their number (ex. T1, T2, etc.)arrow_forwardRefer to the image. Gibbon (20 species in 4 genera) Prosimians: Bushbabies New World and lemurs monkeys Apes Macmillan Learning Orangutan Old World monkeys Gibbons Great apes Gorilla Human Robust canine teeth Earlobes Bonobo Delayed puberty Chimpanzee The characters listed in the ancestral lineages certainly do not represent all the most important evolutionary changes that occurred in these ancestors. Rather, they are a sample of the changes that occurred at each stage.arrow_forwardIs the following statements consistent with the provided data? Answer TRUE if the statement is consistent with the data.Answer FALSE if the statement is not consistent with the data. 1. According to the phylogeny toads are monophyletic. 2. According to the phylogeny a group composed of the spring peeper and the chorus frog is monophyletic. 3. If climate change results in less snowpack during the winter months, then wood frog survival will increase.arrow_forward
- Below is a phylogeny depicting the relationship among eight animal species (A to H). Next to the species names are the tooth morphology of each species. For example, species A has prominent molar teeth, thus likely a herbivore. On the other hand, species C has prominent canine teeth, thus likely a carnivore. Which of the following statements is correct? A C D E H. The most recent common ancestor for species A to H is probably a carnivore. The most recent common ancestor for species A to H is probably a herbivore. It is impossible to tell what the main food source is for the most recent common ancestor of species A to H. For species C, D, E, F, G, there are four evolutionary events that lead to the evolution of canine tooth morphology. IF the common ancestor of species C, D, E, F, G is a carnivore, then the molar teeth for species D is a plesiomorphy.arrow_forwardIn the given phylogenetic tree below, which species is considered the outgroup? How did you know that it is the outgroup?arrow_forwardA phylogeny of 5 species of birds is shown below with values for three different phenotypic traits for each species shown in the rows above (e.g., species A has a wide, long beak and red tail, while species C has a narrow, very long beak and a green tail). DNA sequencing of tissue samples found buried in a freezer confirms that an extremely rare and reclusive species (D) is a sister species of E, but preserved samples of entire individuals of species D have been lost, the original collector of the samples has passed away, and no individuals of species D have subsequently been seen in the wild. In other words, we have no idea what species D looks like. Employing the principle of parsimony, which of the following conclusions is MOST appropriate for the likely values of these traits in species D? Beak width: wide wide ?? narrow narrow Beak length: long long ?? long very long Tail colour: red blue ?? green green A E a) wide beak, very long beak, green tail b) narrow beak, long beak, all…arrow_forward
- Four Caribbean islands with similar environmental conditions have three different species of anole lizards with specific ecological morphotypes. Lizards Morphotypes Grass lizards Long tails Canopy lizards Large toe pads Twig lizards Short legs Researchers devised two phylogenetic trees to represent two different hypotheses about how the lizards may have evolved. The first hypothesis is that the different body types evolved repeatedly and independently of each island. The second suggests that each morphotype evolved once and spread to different islands. Which of the following statements best explains which type of data the researchers should use to test these two hypotheses, and which phylogenetic tree correctly shows the evolutionary relationships among anoles? Analyzing DNA samples from the anoles would likely show that phylogenetic tree B is correct since it is likely that each body type evolved once and spread to different islands. Analyzing the…arrow_forward72 85 Sardinella tawilis Sardinella lemuru and Sardinella longiceps Escualosa thoracata Engraulis encrasicolus 84 86 100 Figure 1. Maximum Likelihood Tree (branch style: traditional-straight) of Sardinella species inferred from COX1 gene. Question: Based on the phylogenetic tree above, which species is/are the most recent ancestor/s of S. gibbosa? Sardinella fimbriata Sardinella albella Sardinella tawilis Sardinella gibbosa Sardinella lemuru Sardinella longiceps Escualosa thoracata Engraulis encrasicolusarrow_forwardOn the basis of the phylogeny of Darwin’s finches shown in Figure predict which two species in each of the following groups will bethe most similar genetically. a. Camarhynchus parvulus, Camarhynchus psittacula, Camarhynchuspallidab. Camarhynchus parvulus, Camarhynchus pallida, Platyspiza crassirostrisc. Geospiza difficilis, Geospiza conirostris, Geospiza scandensd. Camarhynchus parvulus, Certhidea fusca, Pinaroloxias inornataarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license