Chapter 18, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To draw the structural formula of given organic compounds.

Concept Introduction:

Ester, amide and anhydride are derivatives of carboxylic acid.

Answer to Problem 1P

Explanation of Solution

We know that ${\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-2}}$ is carbonate ion. When two O atoms of this ion are bonded with methyl group it forms dimethyl carbonate. Hence common name of OC(OCH₃ )₂ is dimethyl carbonate. The IUPAC name of this compound is Methyl carbonate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To draw the structural formula of given organic compounds.

Concept Introduction:

Ester, amide and anhydride are derivatives of carboxylic acid.

Answer to Problem 1P

Explanation of Solution

This is a nitro derivative of benzamide in which nitro group is bonded at para position with respect to amide group. Benzamide is ${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}{\text{-CONH}}_{\text{2}}$ in which the amide group is directly bonded with aromatic ring. Here the nitro-group is bonded at para position.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To draw the structural formula of given organic compounds.

Concept Introduction:

Ester, amide and anhydride are derivatives of carboxylic acid.

Answer to Problem 1P

Explanation of Solution

Alkyl alkanoate is the general name for ester. Here Alkyl indicates the small alkyl group in RCOOR and alkanoate is RCOO- part. The name given is ethyl 3-hydroxybutanate, hence 3-hydroxybutanate will be RCOO-part and ethyl will be another r of ester. Therefore, the structure of ethyl 3-hydroxybutanate will be ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{CH}\left(\text{OH}\right){\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{COOCH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To draw the structural formula of given organic compounds.

Concept Introduction:

Ester, amide and anhydride are derivatives of carboxylic acid.

Answer to Problem 1P

Explanation of Solution

Diethyl oxalate is the diester of oxalic acid (HOOC-COOH). As name suggested, diethyl stands for two ethyl group bonded at both carbon atoms of oxalic acid hence the formula will be ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}{\text{-OCO-COO-C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}\text{.}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To draw the structural formula of given organic compounds.

Concept Introduction:

Ester, amide and anhydride are derivatives of carboxylic acid.

Answer to Problem 1P

Ethyl trans-2-pentenoate.

Explanation of Solution

Ethyl trans-2-pentenoate is the ester of 2-pentenoic acid with ethanol. Here trans indicates the position of H on both double bonded carbon atoms. Hence in the formula of ester R₁ -COO-R₂ ; R₂ will be ethyl group from alcohol and R₁ will be alkyl group from acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To draw the structural formula of given organic compounds.

Concept Introduction:

Ester, amide and anhydride are derivatives of carboxylic acid.

Answer to Problem 1P

Butanoic anhydride.

Explanation of Solution

Butanoic anhydride is the anhydride of butanoic acid with −COOCO- as functional group. Butanoic acid is ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{-COOH}$. Dehydration or elimination of one water molecule between two butanoic acid forms butanoic anhydride. Hence the structural formula will be ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{-COO-CO-CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{3}}$.