Chapter 18, Problem 1CP

List the similarities among and differences between the nervous and endocrine systems with regard to the control of homeostasis.

Summary Introduction

To review:

The similarities and differences between the nervous and endocrine systems with regard to the control of homeostasis.

Introduction

Nervous system is the network of nerves and fibers that transmit messages from the brain and spinal cord to the different body parts. Endocrine system is the group of glands that produces hormones carried by bloodstream to distant target organs for their specific functions. The nervous system and endocrine system together coordinate the functions of all body systems. There are various similarities and differences between two systems.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

Similarities:

The nervous system acts through nerve impulses. Nerve impulses at synapse cause the release of messenger called neurotransmitter, while endocrine glands secrete hormones. Both neurotransmitters and hormones apply their effects by binding to receptors on or in their “target” cells.

Both nervous and endocrine system are essential for the control and coordination of body to maintain homeostasis.

Differences:

	Endocrine system	Nervous system
Mechanism of action and molecules	Endocrine system system uses chemical messenger or hormones to send signals to the target cell through the bloodstream.	Nervous system uses neurotransmitters to send signals to the target cell through the bloodstream.
Action time	Responses of the endocrine system are slower usually takes minutes, hours, and even days in comparison to nervous system.	Responses of the nervous system are faster usually occur within few seconds in comparison to endocrine system.
Site of action	The hormones are generally targeted to distant target organs and are carried by bloodstream.	The neurotransmitters are generally targeted to short distances (synapses), which occur between two adjacent neurons.
Transmission of messages	The endocrine messages (hormones) are carried out chemically.	The messages (neurotransmitters) are carried out electrically.
Target cells	Endocrine system targets cell throughout the body.	Neurons, muscle, and gland cells.

Conclusion

Conclusion

Nervous system and endocrine system are the regulatory systems that communicate between the cells, tissue, and organs. These systems control and coordinate all the body systems, thus help in maintaining the homeostasis.