Concept explainers
Explain why the process of endosymbiosis can be viewed as both an ancient event and a more recent event. What advantages could endosymbiosis give to both the endosymbiont and the host?
To explain:
The ancient and recent views of endosymbiosis process and its advantages to both the endosymbiont and the host.
Concept introduction:
Endosymbiosis is a process in which two types of organisms co-exist symbiotically. Both the partners get mutual benefit from each other. Endosymbiosis hypothesis explains about the origin of mitochondria and chloroplast and also explains the evolution of eukaryotic cell from prokaryotes.
Explanation of Solution
Process of endosymbiosis can be viewed as an ancient and recent event. The origin and evolution of organelles like mitochondria and chloroplast account for the ancient view of endosymbiosis process. The process of primary endosymbiosis is responsible for development of chloroplast and mitochondria during the early time of eukaryotic evolution.
Recent scientific studies have also shown that many organisms like protists (nonphototrophic) engulf other protists which are phototrophic in nature. These engulfed photosynthetic protists carry out the process of photosynthesis in nonphototrophic members for a long time period. These studies account for recent view of endosymbiosis and show that endosymbiosis is an ongoing and recent event. Hence, endosymbiosis is a process which can be viewed as both an ancient and an advance recent event.
In the process of endosymbiosis, both partners get benefits from each other. This process is advantageous to both endosymbiont and host because nonphototrophic host acquire the ability to produce organic food after its association with phototrophic endosymbiont. In turn, phototrophic endosymbiont is benefitted by acquiring extra protection from the host. Hence, endosymbiosis is a process which is advantageous for both the partners.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
EBK BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS
- Select all of the following that provide evidence about the support to the Theory of Endosymbiosis. U U U Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA Chloroplasts and mitochondria are present in prokaryotic bacteria Chloroplasts and mitochondria are enclosed in a double membrane Chloroplasts and mitochondria divide by a process that closely resembles binary fission The DNA of chloroplasts and mitochondria is very similar to that of other free-living prokaryotesarrow_forwardExplain why some scientists think centrioles might have arisen by endosymbiosis.arrow_forwardWhat are the evidences for secondary endosymbiosis?arrow_forward
- Briefly describe the three taxa involved in the secondary endosymbiosis and the one taxa that lost mitochondria.arrow_forwardWhich of these is an example of inductive reasoning? A) Hundreds of individuals of a species have been observed and all are photosynthetic; therefore, the species is photosynthetic. B) These organisms live in sunny regions. Therefore, they are using photosynthesis. C) If protists are all single-celled, then they are incapable of aggregating. D) If two species are members of the same genus, they are more alike than each of them could be to a different genus.arrow_forwardDescribe the Theory of Endosymbiosis. a) Briefly define the Endosymbiotic Theory. 2 pts,b) Explain why the Theory of Endosymbiosis is considered a “theory” and not a “hypothesis.” 3 pts,c) Provide a description of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, including at least 4 similarities and 4 structural differences. 4 pts,d) Describe the sequence of events with anaerobic ancestral proto-eukaryotes and aerobic prokaryotes that led to the formation of mitochondria and chloroplasts inside eukaryotic cells. (Be sure to define aerobic and anaerobic respiration.) 6 pts,e) Explain how each, the anaerobic ancestral proto-eukaryotes and aerobic prokaryotes, benefited from the relationship. 4 pts,f) Describe 7 pieces of evidence for this scientific theory. Some of this evidence will consist of a list of similarities between mitochondria characteristics and bacteria characteristics. Along with this list of similarities, explain HOW the characteristics are similar. 10 pts,g) The Endosymbiotic Theory…arrow_forward
- What is endosymbiosis and why is it considered to be the source of eukaryotic diversity? Why are we confident this only happened once? What is primary and secondary endosymbiosis? Was there another endosymbiotic event that led to a third lineage? What group of organisms possesses a structure that might suggest this possibility and what is the structure? Why is the structure in question different from the ancestor of other plastids?arrow_forwardWhat are the evidences for primary endosymbiosis?arrow_forwardDefine the endosymbiotic theory. Explain how mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved by endosymbiosis. Explain 4 pieces of evidence for the Endosymbiotic Theory.arrow_forward
- Describe the hypothesis of serial endosymbiosis.arrow_forwardAccording to Lynn Margulis's theory of endosymbiosis, bacteria entered large cells either as parasites or as undigested prey as illustrated. All the following are proof that mitochondria and chloroplast evolved from bacteria, except: Endosymbiosis in a nutshell: 1. Start with two 2. One bacterium engulfs the other. 3. One bacterium now lives inside the other. independent bacteria. 4. Both bacteria benefit from the arrangement. 5. The internal bacteria are passed on from generation to generation. O a they each have a double membrane they have chromosomes similar in shape to their host they are the size of bacteria their DNA is different from its hostarrow_forwardGiardia is a protozoan parasite that lacks mitochondria. Based on the figure below, what could be the explanation for this. Explain your reasoning.arrow_forward
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning