The complete and detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn. Concept introduction: The nitrile group can be hydrolysed to a ketone on treatment with alcohol under acidic condition. The alcohol and water both act as nucleophiles in two nucleophilic addition steps. The proton transfers steps add protons to N and remove them from O , so no strongly basic species appears in the mechanism. A necessary condition for a reaction takes place under acidic condition. Proton transfer steps in the mechanism turn N into a good leaving group. Furthermore, tautomerization leads to a final product. The base is not permitted in the mechanism.

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 18, Problem 18.84P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete and detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The nitrile group can be hydrolysed to a ketone on treatment with alcohol under acidic condition. The alcohol and water both act as nucleophiles in two nucleophilic addition steps. The proton transfers steps add protons to N and remove them from O, so no strongly basic species appears in the mechanism. A necessary condition for a reaction takes place under acidic condition. Proton transfer steps in the mechanism turn N into a good leaving group. Furthermore, tautomerization leads to a final product. The base is not permitted in the mechanism.

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Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition Consider the following equilibrium: 2NOCI (g) 2NO (g) + Cl2 (g) AGº =41. kJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 4.50 atm of nitrosyl chloride (NOCI) and 6.38 atm of chlorine (C12) at 212. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: ? rise Under these conditions, will the pressure of NOCI tend to rise or fall? x10 fall Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding NO? In other words, if you said the pressure of NOCI will tend to rise, can that be changed to a tendency to fall by adding NO? Similarly, if you said the pressure of NOCI will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise by adding NO? yes no If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of NO needed to reverse it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. 0.035 atm ✓ G 00. 18 Ar

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 18, Problem 18.84P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete and detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The nitrile group can be hydrolysed to a ketone on treatment with alcohol under acidic condition. The alcohol and water both act as nucleophiles in two nucleophilic addition steps. The proton transfers steps add protons to N and remove them from O, so no strongly basic species appears in the mechanism. A necessary condition for a reaction takes place under acidic condition. Proton transfer steps in the mechanism turn N into a good leaving group. Furthermore, tautomerization leads to a final product. The base is not permitted in the mechanism.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 18, Problem 18.84P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete and detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The nitrile group can be hydrolysed to a ketone on treatment with alcohol under acidic condition. The alcohol and water both act as nucleophiles in two nucleophilic addition steps. The proton transfers steps add protons to N and remove them from O, so no strongly basic species appears in the mechanism. A necessary condition for a reaction takes place under acidic condition. Proton transfer steps in the mechanism turn N into a good leaving group. Furthermore, tautomerization leads to a final product. The base is not permitted in the mechanism.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 18, Problem 18.84P

Interpretation Introduction