The balanced chemical equation and the expression for K a has to be written for the reaction between H 3 PO 4 and water. Concept introduction: Bronsted-Lowry acid will donate a proton to the water. The oxygen in the water molecule will have lone pair of electrons, which will accept the proton from the acid-forming hydronium ion H O 3 + . The acid dissociation constant gives the ratio of the product concentration and reactant concentration and the strength of the acid; that is, to what extent the acid dissociates in the solution.
The balanced chemical equation and the expression for K a has to be written for the reaction between H 3 PO 4 and water. Concept introduction: Bronsted-Lowry acid will donate a proton to the water. The oxygen in the water molecule will have lone pair of electrons, which will accept the proton from the acid-forming hydronium ion H O 3 + . The acid dissociation constant gives the ratio of the product concentration and reactant concentration and the strength of the acid; that is, to what extent the acid dissociates in the solution.
Solution Summary: The author explains that the balanced chemical equation and the expression for K_a has to be written for the reaction between Bronsted-Lowry acid and water.
Interpretation: The balanced chemical equation and the expression for Ka has to be written for the reaction between H3PO4 and water.
Concept introduction: Bronsted-Lowry acid will donate a proton to the water. The oxygen in the water molecule will have lone pair of electrons, which will accept the proton from the acid-forming hydronium ion HO3+ . The acid dissociation constant gives the ratio of the product concentration and reactant concentration and the strength of the acid; that is, to what extent the acid dissociates in the solution.
b)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The balanced equation and the expression for Ka has to be written for the reaction between C6H5COOH and water.
Concept introduction: Bronsted-Lowry acid will donate a proton to the water. The oxygen in the water molecule will have lone pair of electrons, which will accept the proton from the acid-forming hydronium ion HO3+ . The acid dissociation constant gives the ratio of the product concentration and reactant concentration and the strength of the acid; that is, to what extent the acid dissociates in the solution.
c)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The balanced equation and the expression for Ka must be written for the reaction between HSO4− and water.
Concept introduction: Bronsted-Lowry acid will donate a proton to the water. The oxygen in the water molecule will have lone pair of electrons which will accept the proton from the acid-forming hydronium ion HO3+ . The acid dissociation constant gives the ratio of the product concentration and reactant concentration and the strength of the acid; that is, to what extent the acid dissociates in the solution.
d)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The balanced equation and the expression for Ka has to be written for the reaction between HNO2 and water.
Concept introduction: Bronsted-Lowry acid will donate a proton to the water. The oxygen in the water molecule will have lone pair of electrons, which will accept the proton from the acid-forming hydronium ion HO3+ . The acid dissociation constant gives the ratio of the product concentration and reactant concentration and the strength of the acid; that is, to what extent the acid dissociates in the solution.
(racemic)
19.84 Using your reaction roadmaps as a guide, show how to convert 2-oxepanone and ethanol
into 1-cyclopentenecarbaldehyde. You must use 2-oxepanone as the source of all carbon
atoms in the target molecule. Show all reagents and all molecules synthesized along
the way.
&
+ EtOH
H
2-Oxepanone
1-Cyclopentenecarbaldehyde
R₂
R₁
R₁
a
R
Rg
Nu
R₂
Rg
R₁
R
R₁₂
R3
R
R
Nu enolate forming
R₁ R
B-Alkylated carbonyl
species or amines
Cyclic B-Ketoester
R₁₁
HOB
R
R₁B
R
R₁₂
B-Hydroxy carbonyl
R
diester
R2 R3
R₁
RB
OR
R₂ 0
aB-Unsaturated carbonyl
NaOR
Aldol
HOR
reaction
1) LDA
2) R-X
3) H₂O/H₂O
ketone,
aldehyde
1) 2°-amine
2) acid chloride
3) H₂O'/H₂O
0
O
R₁
R₁
R
R₁
R₁₂
Alkylated a-carbon
R₁
H.C
R₁
H.C
Alkylated methyl ketone
acetoacetic
ester
B-Ketoester
ester
R₁
HO
R₂ R
B-Dicarbonyl
HO
Alkylated carboxylic acid
malonic ester
Write the reagents required to bring about each reaction next to the arrows shown.
Next, record any regiochemistry or stereochemistry considerations relevant to the
reaction. You should also record any key aspects of the mechanism, such as forma-
tion of an important intermediate, as a helpful reminder. You may want to keep
track of all reactions that make carbon-carbon bonds, because these help you build
large molecules from smaller fragments. This especially applies to the reactions in…
Provide the reasonable steps to achieve the following synthesis.
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