The strong and a weak monoprotic acid have to be differentiated when Electrical conductivity of an equimolar solution of each acid is measured. Concept introduction: Measuring conductivity: Conductivity of the solution is depends on the ions in the solution, if the ions are more, the conductivity is increases, if the ions are less conductivity decreases. Strong base has a higher conductivity because it is dissociates completely and weak base has lower conductivity because less dissociation.
The strong and a weak monoprotic acid have to be differentiated when Electrical conductivity of an equimolar solution of each acid is measured. Concept introduction: Measuring conductivity: Conductivity of the solution is depends on the ions in the solution, if the ions are more, the conductivity is increases, if the ions are less conductivity decreases. Strong base has a higher conductivity because it is dissociates completely and weak base has lower conductivity because less dissociation.
The strong and a weak monoprotic acid have to be differentiated when Electrical conductivity of an equimolar solution of each acid is measured.
Concept introduction:
Measuring conductivity:
Conductivity of the solution is depends on the ions in the solution, if the ions are more, the conductivity is increases, if the ions are less conductivity decreases. Strong base has a higher conductivity because it is dissociates completely and weak base has lower conductivity because less dissociation.
(b)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The strong and a weak monoprotic acid have to be differentiated when equal molarities of each are tested with pH paper.
Concept introduction:
pH:
A solution may be acidic and basic depends on relative strength of anions as an acid or base. Anions and cations can be acidic, basic and netural. Acidic have pH < 7, basic have pH > 7 and netural have pH=7.
If the pH of the solution is less, it is more acidic, if the pH of the solution is high, it is more basic.
(c)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The strong and a weak monoprotic acid have to be differentiated when Zinc metal is added to solutions of equal concentration.
Concept introduction:
Reactivity:
Strong acids will react more vigorously with metals or carbonates and produces hydrogen gas whereas weak acids will react less with metals or carbonates.
(racemic)
19.84 Using your reaction roadmaps as a guide, show how to convert 2-oxepanone and ethanol
into 1-cyclopentenecarbaldehyde. You must use 2-oxepanone as the source of all carbon
atoms in the target molecule. Show all reagents and all molecules synthesized along
the way.
&
+ EtOH
H
2-Oxepanone
1-Cyclopentenecarbaldehyde
R₂
R₁
R₁
a
R
Rg
Nu
R₂
Rg
R₁
R
R₁₂
R3
R
R
Nu enolate forming
R₁ R
B-Alkylated carbonyl
species or amines
Cyclic B-Ketoester
R₁₁
HOB
R
R₁B
R
R₁₂
B-Hydroxy carbonyl
R
diester
R2 R3
R₁
RB
OR
R₂ 0
aB-Unsaturated carbonyl
NaOR
Aldol
HOR
reaction
1) LDA
2) R-X
3) H₂O/H₂O
ketone,
aldehyde
1) 2°-amine
2) acid chloride
3) H₂O'/H₂O
0
O
R₁
R₁
R
R₁
R₁₂
Alkylated a-carbon
R₁
H.C
R₁
H.C
Alkylated methyl ketone
acetoacetic
ester
B-Ketoester
ester
R₁
HO
R₂ R
B-Dicarbonyl
HO
Alkylated carboxylic acid
malonic ester
Write the reagents required to bring about each reaction next to the arrows shown.
Next, record any regiochemistry or stereochemistry considerations relevant to the
reaction. You should also record any key aspects of the mechanism, such as forma-
tion of an important intermediate, as a helpful reminder. You may want to keep
track of all reactions that make carbon-carbon bonds, because these help you build
large molecules from smaller fragments. This especially applies to the reactions in…
Provide the reasonable steps to achieve the following synthesis.
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