(a) Interpretation: The number of ways and entropy of 2 molecules to be distributed in bulb A is to be calculated. Concept introduction: The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows: S = k ln W Where, k denotes Boltzmann’s constant. W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved. S denotes entropy. For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows: W = B N

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.50SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 2 molecules to be distributed in bulb A is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 2 molecules to be distributed in three equal volume bulb A, B, C is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 3 molecules to be distributed in bulb A is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 3 molecules to be distributed in three equal volume bulb A, B, C is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 1 mol to be distributed in bulb A is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 1 mol to be distributed in three equal volume bulb A, B, C is to be calculated and change in entropy from state (e) to (f) is to be calculated. Also, the change in entropy is to be compared with the formula of entropy.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.50SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 2 molecules to be distributed in bulb A is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 2 molecules to be distributed in three equal volume bulb A, B, C is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 3 molecules to be distributed in bulb A is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 3 molecules to be distributed in three equal volume bulb A, B, C is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 1 mol to be distributed in bulb A is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 1 mol to be distributed in three equal volume bulb A, B, C is to be calculated and change in entropy from state (e) to (f) is to be calculated. Also, the change in entropy is to be compared with the formula of entropy.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.50SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 2 molecules to be distributed in bulb A is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 2 molecules to be distributed in three equal volume bulb A, B, C is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 3 molecules to be distributed in bulb A is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 3 molecules to be distributed in three equal volume bulb A, B, C is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 1 mol to be distributed in bulb A is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 1 mol to be distributed in three equal volume bulb A, B, C is to be calculated and change in entropy from state (e) to (f) is to be calculated. Also, the change in entropy is to be compared with the formula of entropy.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.50SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 2 molecules to be distributed in bulb A is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 2 molecules to be distributed in three equal volume bulb A, B, C is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 3 molecules to be distributed in bulb A is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 3 molecules to be distributed in three equal volume bulb A, B, C is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 1 mol to be distributed in bulb A is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 1 mol to be distributed in three equal volume bulb A, B, C is to be calculated and change in entropy from state (e) to (f) is to be calculated. Also, the change in entropy is to be compared with the formula of entropy.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.50SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 2 molecules to be distributed in bulb A is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 2 molecules to be distributed in three equal volume bulb A, B, C is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 3 molecules to be distributed in bulb A is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 3 molecules to be distributed in three equal volume bulb A, B, C is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 1 mol to be distributed in bulb A is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 1 mol to be distributed in three equal volume bulb A, B, C is to be calculated and change in entropy from state (e) to (f) is to be calculated. Also, the change in entropy is to be compared with the formula of entropy.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.50SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 2 molecules to be distributed in bulb A is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.50SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 2 molecules to be distributed in bulb A is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 2 molecules to be distributed in three equal volume bulb A, B, C is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 2 molecules to be distributed in three equal volume bulb A, B, C is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 3 molecules to be distributed in bulb A is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 3 molecules to be distributed in bulb A is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Answer 12

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 3 molecules to be distributed in three equal volume bulb A, B, C is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Answer 13

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 3 molecules to be distributed in three equal volume bulb A, B, C is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 1 mol to be distributed in bulb A is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 1 mol to be distributed in bulb A is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Answer 16

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 1 mol to be distributed in three equal volume bulb A, B, C is to be calculated and change in entropy from state (e) to (f) is to be calculated. Also, the change in entropy is to be compared with the formula of entropy.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Answer 17

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The number of ways and entropy of 1 mol to be distributed in three equal volume bulb A, B, C is to be calculated and change in entropy from state (e) to (f) is to be calculated. Also, the change in entropy is to be compared with the formula of entropy.

Concept introduction:

The Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy is as follows:

S=klnW

Where,

k denotes Boltzmann’s constant.

W denotes probability or ways that a specific arrangement can be achieved.

S denotes entropy.

For a system that has N molecules to be arranged in B bulbs the probability is calculated as follows:

W=BN

Answer 18

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Answer 19

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 20

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Answer 21

Ch. 18 - Which of the following reactions has a decrease in...Ch. 18 - CONCEPTUAL APPLY 18.2 Consider the gas-phase...Ch. 18 - Consider the distribution of ideal gas molec ules...Ch. 18 - (a) Which state has the higher entropy? Explain in...Ch. 18 - Calculate the standard entropy of reaction for...Ch. 18 - The unbalanced reaction for the combustion of...Ch. 18 - Calculate the value of Stotal, and decide whether...Ch. 18 - Use the values of Hof, and So in Appendix B to...Ch. 18 - Consider the decomposition of gaseous N2O4:...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.10A

Solution Summary: The author explains the Boltzmann equation used to calculate entropy.

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Chapter 18 Solutions